Preventing further vascular events after a stroke or transient ischaemic attack: an update on medical management

Abstract

After a stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) there is a high risk of stroke, particularly in the early days and weeks, and of other serious vascular events. Several preventive medical treatments can reduce these risks; starting them as early as possible will maximise the absolute risk reduction, as long as the diagnosis is secure, there is no known or suspected net harm from treatment, and they are acceptable to the patient. Medical treatments with clear evidence of benefit include: lowering blood pressure after all types of stroke or TIA; lowering blood cholesterol with a statin after ischaemic stroke or TIA; antiplatelet treatment after ischaemic stroke or TIA; and warfarin instead of antiplatelet treatment in patients with ischaemic stroke or TIA who have atrial fibrillation and no contraindications to anticoagulation. Lifestyle changes (for example, stopping smoking, reducing excess alcohol intake, adopting a healthy diet) and careful management of diabetes are also important.

Improving medication adherence in stroke survivors: Mediators and moderators of treatment effects.

“…This risk can be substantially reduced by taking combined preventive medication over the long-term (e.g. a combination of cholesterol lowering drugs, blood thinning drugs and anti-hypertensive medication can provide an absolute risk reduction of 8.5% in the first year and 4.1% annually for subsequent years) (Sudlow, 2008).…”

Angioplastia do bulbo carotídeo com colocação de stent: acompanhamento clínico e radiológico

“…algumas medidas-resumo, como média, desvio-padrão, entre outras, e confeccionados gráficos 108,109,110 .…”

“…As variáveis de natureza qualitativa foram analisadas através do cálculo de frequências absolutas e relativas, além da construção de gráficos de setor circular (pizza) 108,109,110 .…”

“…• Extensão do teste Exato de Fisher para verificar a associação entre presença de sintomas cerebrovasculares (sintomático) e tipo de complicação 108,109,110 .…”

Egy új fokális ischaemiás modell kialakítása és az oxálecetsav hatásainak vizsgálata patkány központi idegrendszerén

“…A tünetek ilyenkor legtöbbször szenzoros zavarok, afázia, látótér kiesés. A TIA rendkívül nagy kockázati tényezőt jelent egy későbbi stroke bekövetkezéséhez (Sudlow 2008). A hosszantartó agyi ischaemiás állapot következményeként maradandó szöveti sérülések keletkeznek.…”