Preventing Bone Complications in Advanced Prostate Cancer

Abstract

The diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer have steadily been improving since the late 1980s. However, clinicians still confront a large group of men developing disease metastatic to bone. Adequate control of bone complications plays a fundamental role in achieving control of symptoms and quality of life in this group. Androgen deprivation therapy, the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer, increases the risk of various complications, including bone disease. This review addresses the prevention of bone complications related not only to prostate cancer metastases but also to impaired bone integrity caused by androgen deprivation therapy. KEY-WORDSProstate cancer, bone metastases, skeletal complications

Compressed Prostate Cancer Cells Decrease Osteoclast Activity While Enhancing Osteoblast Activity In Vitro

“…The 5-year survival rate of primary PC tumors is nearly 100% due to effective treatments at this stage but reduces to 30% once PC cells metastasize to distant parts of the body [2]. The most common site of PC metastasis is bone, leading to either osteolytic lesions where excessive bone resorption results in a decline of bone mass, leading to pain, fractures and hypercalcemia or osteosclerotic lesions, where dysfunctional bone is synthesized [3][4][5]. PC cells are able to rearrange the tumor-bone microenvironment by secreting a plethora of paracrine factors, such as interleukin 6 (IL6), that modulate the activity of bone-forming osteoblasts, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Clinicopathologic factors that influence prognosis and survival outcomes in men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with Radium‐223

“…2 Skeletal-related events (SRE) such as pain, fracture, spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia, and bone marrow suppression will occur in over 50% of men with advanced prostate cancer and bone metastases. 3 Taxane chemotherapy (docetaxel and cabazitaxel), androgen receptor axis-targeted (ARAT) therapies (abiraterone and enzalutamide), sipuleucel-T, and radium-223 ( 223 Ra) have demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). 4-9 223 Ra is a calcium mimetic, alpha-emitting nuclide, which is taken up in bone metastases due to high bone turnover.…”