Preventing and Controlling Zinc Deficiency Across the Life Course: A Call to Action

Lowe, Nicola M; Hall, Andrew G; Broadley, Martin R; Foley, Jennifer; Boy, Erick; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A

doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100181

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…In lung fibrotic diseases, low serum zinc levels were related to increased infection rate and reduced overall growth, but not to tissue remodeling [ 16 , 17 ]. The problem of linking zinc deficiency to tissue remodeling in chronic airway diseases lies in the fact that zinc is essential for the enzymatic function of many proteins [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Iodide Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reduces Collagen Deposition by Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression and Activity in Lung Fibroblasts

Roth,

Han,

S’ng

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Chronic inflammatory lung diseases are characterized by disease-specific extracellular matrix accumulation resulting from an imbalance of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors. Zinc is essential for the function of MMPs, and zinc deficiency has been associated with enhanced tissue remodeling. This study assessed if zinc iodide (ZnI) supplementation through dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) modifies the action of MMPs in isolated human lung fibroblasts. The expression and activity of two gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, were determined by gelatin zymography and enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Collagen degradation was determined by cell-based ELISAs. Collagen type I and fibronectin deposition was stimulated by human recombinant tumor growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Untreated fibroblasts secreted MMP-2 but only minute amounts of MMP-9. TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) reduced MMP-2 secretion, but stimulated collagen type I and fibronectin deposition. All the effects of TGF-β1 were significantly reduced in cells treated with ZnI-DMSO over 24 h, while ZnI and DMSO alone had a lower reducing effect. ZnI-DMSO alone did not increase MMP secretion but enhanced the ratio of active to inactive of MMP-2. ZnI alone had a lower enhancing effect than ZnI-DMSO on MMP activity. Furthermore, MMP-2 activity was increased by ZnI-DMSO and ZnI in the absence of cells. Soluble collagen type I increased in the medium of ZnI-DMSO- and ZnI-treated cells. Blocking MMP activity counteracted all the effects of ZnI-DMSO. Conclusion: The data suggest that the combination of ZnI with DMSO reduces fibrotic processes by increasing the degradation of collagen type I by up-regulating the activity of gelatinases. Thus, the combination of ZnI with DMSO might be considered for treatment of fibrotic disorders of the lung. DMSO supported the beneficial effects of ZnI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Iodide Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reduces Collagen Deposition by Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression and Activity in Lung Fibroblasts

Roth,

Han,

S’ng

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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“…Zn supplementation has many challenges, given the co-existence of Fe and Zn deficiencies and their interactions if supplemented together [ 4 , 5 , 20 , 77 , 89 ]. A high-dose Zn supplement necessitates an additional 2 mg of Cu to prevent anemia due to Cu deficiency induced by a high dose of Zn (≥80 mg/day) [ 5 , 90 ].…”

Section: Zinc Versus Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the health impact of marginal Zn intake and a subclinical Zn deficiency is not easily recognized. Inadequate dietary Zn intake is believed to be highly prevalent, especially in populations consuming diets low in Zn bioavailability, such as those that contain high amounts of phytate or are low in protein and calcium (Ca) [ 5 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Adverse Health Effects of Environmental Cadmium Exposure by Zinc and Its Transporters

Cirovic,

Yimthiang

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Zinc (Zn) is the second most abundant metal in the human body and is essential for the function of 10% of all proteins. As metals cannot be synthesized or degraded, they must be assimilated from the diet by specialized transport proteins, which unfortunately also provide an entry route for the toxic metal pollutant cadmium (Cd). The intestinal absorption of Zn depends on the composition of food that is consumed, firstly the amount of Zn itself and then the quantity of other food constituents such as phytate, protein, and calcium (Ca). In cells, Zn is involved in the regulation of intermediary metabolism, gene expression, cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The cellular influx, efflux, subcellular compartmentalization, and trafficking of Zn are coordinated by transporter proteins, solute-linked carriers 30A and 39A (SLC30A and SLC39A), known as the ZnT and Zrt/Irt-like protein (ZIP). Because of its chemical similarity with Zn and Ca, Cd disrupts the physiological functions of both. The concurrent induction of a Zn efflux transporter ZnT1 (SLC30A1) and metallothionein by Cd disrupts the homeostasis and reduces the bioavailability of Zn. The present review highlights the increased mortality and the severity of various diseases among Cd-exposed persons and the roles of Zn and other transport proteins in the manifestation of Cd cytotoxicity. Special emphasis is given to Zn intake levels that may lower the risk of vision loss and bone fracture associated with Cd exposure. The difficult challenge of determining a permissible intake level of Cd is discussed in relation to the recommended dietary Zn intake levels.

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“…Conversely, for example, zinc supplementation combined with oral rehydration therapy has been shown to play a role in reducing the duration and severity of acute diarrhea episodes, an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among children in developing countries [33]. Addressing ZnD in developing countries requires a comprehensive approach that includes nutritional interventions, such as increased accessibility to zinc-rich foods and fortified staple foods, improvements in health infrastructure, and socioeconomic empowerment strategies [35][36][37]. Increasing the DRI from two to five for six months is recommended in case of zinc deficiency, depending on the severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addressing ZnD in developing countries requires a comprehensive approach that includes nutritional interventions, such as increased accessibility to zinc-rich foods and fortified staple foods, improvements in health infrastructure, and socioeconomic empowerment strategies [ 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Increasing the DRI from two to five for six months is recommended in case of zinc deficiency, depending on the severity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Zinc in Developed Countries in Pediatric Patients: A 360-Degree View

Padoan,

Piccoli,

Pietrobelli

et al. 2024

Biomolecules

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Zinc is an important trace element for growth and health at pediatric ages. Zinc is fundamental in inflammatory pathways, oxidative balance, and immune function. Zinc exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by modulating Nuclear Factor-kappa (NF-κB) activity and reducing histamine release from basophils, leukocytes, and mast cells. Furthermore, its antioxidant activity protects against oxidative damage and chronic diseases. Finally, zinc improves the ability to trigger effective immune responses against pathogens by contributing to the maturation of lymphocytes, the production of cytokines, and the regulation of apoptosis. Given these properties, zinc can be considered an adjunctive therapy in treating and preventing respiratory, nephrological, and gastrointestinal diseases, both acute and chronic. This review aims to deepen the role and metabolism of zinc, focusing on the role of supplementation in developed countries in pediatric diseases.

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Preventing and Controlling Zinc Deficiency Across the Life Course: A Call to Action

Cited by 10 publications

References 123 publications

Zinc Iodide Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reduces Collagen Deposition by Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression and Activity in Lung Fibroblasts

Zinc Iodide Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reduces Collagen Deposition by Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression and Activity in Lung Fibroblasts

Modulation of Adverse Health Effects of Environmental Cadmium Exposure by Zinc and Its Transporters

The Role of Zinc in Developed Countries in Pediatric Patients: A 360-Degree View

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