Prevascularisation with endothelial progenitor cells improved restoration of the architectural and functional properties of newly formed bone for bone reconstruction

Abstract

The present study indicates that EPC-dependent prevascularization contributes to bone healing with structural reconstruction and functional recovery and may improve the understanding of correlation between angiogenesis and osteogenesis.

Co-Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Neovascularization and Bone Regeneration

“…Similar results were obtained by Koob and colleagues in a rat calvaria model, which found increased neovessels formation without significant increase in bone regeneration following co‐transplantated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and bmMSC compared with transplantation of bmMSC. Conversely, Seebach and colleagues and Pang and colleagues demonstrated synergistic effect on bone regeneration when EPCs/MSCs were co‐transplanted in a rat long bone critical‐sized model. These differences might be attributed to several factors: different bone ossification models (membranous ossification of the calvaria vs endochondral ossification of long bone) and different sub‐populations of EPC that were transplanted (early vs late vs mature endothelial cells).…”

Mesenchymal stem cells promote endothelial progenitor cell migration, vascularization, and bone repair in tissue‐engineered constructs via activating CXCR2‐Src‐PKL/Vav2‐Rac1

“…EPCs have been successfully used in regenerative medicine to augment neovascularization in patients after myocardial infarction and limb ischemia (9). They promote bone repair by re‐establishing intraosseous vessels and blood supply, aiding the restoration of the medullary cavity and improving biomechanical properties during bone healing (10). Despite being extensively used, the homing mechanism of EPCs is uncertain, especially in the field of bone tissue engineering.…”

Biomaterial-mediated strategies targeting vascularization for bone repair

“…When implanted within a HA/PCL scaffold into a murine critically-sized femoral defect model, Yu et al reported that MSCs differentiated into osteoblasts along with endothelial cells derived from EPCs increased blood vessel invasion and newly formed bone compared to mono-culture conditions after 6 weeks [102]. Pang et al showed delivery of non-differentiated MSCs with EPCs within a decellularized bone matrix increased neovascularization at 2 weeks post implantation with an associated increase in bone healing at 12 weeks within a rabbit radial segmental defect [103]. Interestingly, an immunohistochemical analysis showed that blood vessels in grafts containing both MSCs and EPCs exhibited increased VEGF expression compared to grafts containing a single cell type.…”