Prevalent Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Increases the Risk of Incident Bacterial Vaginosis in Women from South Africa

Abbai, Nathlee; Nyirenda, Makandwe; Naidoo, Sarita; Ramjee, Gita

doi:10.1007/s10461-017-1924-1

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A recent study revealed that antibiotic-induced VD in mice resulted in a fall of antiviral protection against HSV-2 infection [115]. Furthermore, the association between BV and HSV-2 has also been confirmed in a recent study in South Africa with a large (n = 2750) cohort of patients [116]. In this study, women who had an HSV-2 infection at enrolment were shown to be at increased risk for incident BV infections and, certain risk factors like young age, unmarried and having a partner that has other partners, were significantly related with subsequent BV.…”

Section: Bacterial Vaginosis and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Stds)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Reviewing the Composition of Vaginal Microbiota: Inclusion of Nutrition and Probiotic Factors in the Maintenance of Eubiosis

et al. 2020

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The vaginal microbiota has importance in preserving vaginal health and defending the host against disease. The advent of new molecular techniques and computer science has allowed researchers to discover microbial composition in depth and associate the structure of vaginal microbial communities. There is a consensus that vaginal flora is grouped into a restricted number of communities, although the structure of the community is constantly changing. Certain Community-State Types (CSTs) are more associated with poor reproductive outcomes and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) meanwhile, CSTs dominated by Lactobacillus species—particularly Lactobacillus crispatus—are more related to vaginal health. In this work, we have reviewed how modifiable and non-modifiable factors may affect normal vaginal microbiota homeostasis—including sexual behavior, race or ethnicity, and hygiene. Special interest has been given to how the use of probiotics, diet intake, and use of hormone replacement therapies (HRTs) can potentially impact vaginal microbiota composition.

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Section: Bacterial Vaginosis and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (Stds)mentioning

confidence: 72%

Reviewing the Composition of Vaginal Microbiota: Inclusion of Nutrition and Probiotic Factors in the Maintenance of Eubiosis

et al. 2020

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“…Many of these factors have been shown to contribute to the prevalence of sexually acquired infections. 27,28,29,30 The emergence of macrolide resistance in M. genitalium has drawn recent attention. 18,20,21,22,23 The first study to report on macrolide resistance in M. genitalium in South Africa was conducted by Hay et al in the Limpopo province of rural South Africa in 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma genitalium detected in South African pregnant women

Naicker

Singh

Westhuizen³

et al. 2021

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: Azithromycin regimens have been considered first-line treatment for Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium), a sexually transmitted infection (STI) associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, recent years have seen rapid emergence of macrolide resistance in M. genitalium as a result of widespread administration of azithromycin. Currently, there are limited data on macrolide resistance in pregnant women from KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. This study investigated the prevalence of M. genitalium and emerging patterns of macrolide resistance in pregnant women from KZN.Methods: This was a sub-study of a larger study which involved laboratory-based detection of STIs in pregnant women. In the main study, pregnant women provided urine samples for detection of STIs. For this study, deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) extracted from stored urine was used to determine emerging macrolide resistance by amplification of the 23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene of M. genitalium by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of amplicons to identify mutations associated with resistance. The Allplex™ MG & AziR assay was used as a confirmatory assay. Results:The prevalence of M. genitalium in pregnant women was 5.9% (13 out of 221). Sequencing of PCR amplicons did not reveal the presence of the A2059G and A2058G mutations associated with macrolide resistance. These findings were confirmed by the Allplex™ MG & AziR assay. Conclusion:Despite the lack of resistance to macrolides in this study population, continued antimicrobial resistance surveillance for M. genitalium in pregnant women is important because azithromycin is now part of the South African national STI syndromic management guidelines for vaginal discharge syndrome.

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“…Thus, this practice may be less likely to explain the differences found in our study. Finally, we did not have complete information on other STIs (eg, herpes simplex virus-2) that may affect the vaginal microenvironment and susceptibility to BV 30…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and protective factors associated with BV chronicity among women in Rakai, Uganda

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesTo assess risk and protective factors associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) chronicity ascertained by Nugent score criteria.MethodsA longitudinal cohort study included 255 sexually experienced, postmenarcheal women who provided weekly self-collected vaginal swabs for up to 2 years. Vaginal swabs were scored using Nugent criteria and classified as normal (≤3), intermediate (4–6) and Nugent-BV (≥7). Detailed behavioural/health information were assessed every 6 months. A per-woman longitudinal summary measure of BV chronicity was defined as the percentage of each woman’s weekly vaginal assessments scored as Nugent-BV over a 6-month interval. Risk and protective factors associated with BV chronicity were assessed using multiple linear regression with generalised estimating equations.ResultsAverage BV chronicity was 39% across all follow-up periods. After adjustment, factors associated with BV chronicity included baseline Nugent-BV (β=35.3, 95% CI 28.6 to 42.0) compared with normal baseline Nugent scores and use of unprotected water for bathing (ie, rainwater, pond, lake/stream) (β=12.0, 95% CI 3.4 to 20.5) compared with protected water sources (ie, well, tap, borehole). Women had fewer BV occurrences if they were currently pregnant (β=−6.6, 95% CI −12.1 to 1.1), reported consistent condom use (β=−7.7, 95% CI −14.2 to 1.3) or their partner was circumcised (β=−5.8, 95% CI −11.3 to 0.3).ConclusionsFactors associated with higher and lower values of BV chronicity were multifactorial. Notably, higher values of BV chronicity were associated with potentially contaminated bathing water. Future studies should examine the role of waterborne microbial agents in the pathogenesis of BV.

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Prevalent Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Increases the Risk of Incident Bacterial Vaginosis in Women from South Africa

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Reviewing the Composition of Vaginal Microbiota: Inclusion of Nutrition and Probiotic Factors in the Maintenance of Eubiosis

Reviewing the Composition of Vaginal Microbiota: Inclusion of Nutrition and Probiotic Factors in the Maintenance of Eubiosis

Lack of resistance to macrolides in Mycoplasma genitalium detected in South African pregnant women

Risk and protective factors associated with BV chronicity among women in Rakai, Uganda

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