Prevalensi Sarkopenia pada Lansia di Komunitas (Community Dwelling) berdasarkan Dua Nilai Cut-off Parameter Diagnosis

Abstract

AbstrakSarkopenia, sindrom penurunan massa dan fungsi otot terkait usia dapat mengurangi kualitas hidup dan peningkatan mortalitas pada lanjut usia (lansia). Banyak metode penapisan dan definisi operasional menyebabkan angka prevalensi sarkopenia bervariasi di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui prevalensi sarkopenia pada lansia yang tinggal di komunitas berdasarkan massa otot yang diukur dengan bioimpedance analysis, kekuatan genggam tangan menggunakan hand dynamometer, serta performa fisik melalui uji jalan 6 menit dengan mempergunakan dua nilai cut-off, nilai rekomendasi Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) dan nilai populasi lansia Taiwan karena belum didapatkan nilai cut-off populasi lansia Indonesia. Penelitian deskriptif potong lintang pada 229 partisipan (71 orang laki-laki dan 158 orang perempuan) dengan menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai Desember 2014 pada populasi lansia di Kota Bandung dan Jatinangor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan angka prevalensi sarkopenia berdasarkan nilai cut-off rekomendasi AWGS adalah 9,1% (7,4% untuk laki-laki dan 1,7% untuk perempuan), sedangkan prevalensi sarkopenia berdasarkan nilai cut-off populasi Taiwan sebesar 40,6% (20,1% untuk laki-laki dan 20,5% untuk perempuan). Perbedaan prevalensi yang cukup besar mendorong diperlukan penetapan nilai cut-off parameter diagnosis sarkopenia spesifik pada populasi lansia Indonesia yang tinggal di komunitas untuk dapat menentukan prevalensi sarkopenia lebih akurat. [MKB. 2016;48(3):164-70] Kata kunci: Cut-off, lansia, komunitas, prevalensi, sarkopenia Sarcopenia Prevalence In Community-Dwelling Elderly based on Two Cut-off Points Diagnosis Parameters AbstractSarcopenia, aging muscle mass loss, and function syndromes can lead to decreased quality of life and increased elderly mortality. The availability of various screening methods and operational definitions in different studies has produced different findings of sarcopenia prevalence. The purpose of this study was to discover the prevalence of sarcopenia in Indonesian community-dwelling elderly based on muscle mass measured by bioimpedance analysis, handgrip strength using hand dynamometer, and physical performance based on six minutes walking test with two different cut-off point parameters of sarcopenia, i.e. the cut-off point recommended by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) and the cut-off point based on the reference used in Taiwan elderly population reference due to the lack of references for Indonesian elderly population. A cross-sectional study was conducted to 229 participants (71 men and 158 women) from the community-dwelling elderly population between August and December 2014 in Bandung and Jatinangor. The results of the study showed that the sarcopenia prevalence in this study based on AWGS was 9.1% (7.4% in men and 1.7% in women) while the prevalence based on the Taiwan reference revealed a prevalence of 40.6% (20.1% in men and 20.5% in women). This highly different prevalences shows the importance of defining...

Leucine Intake as Determinant of Muscle Strength and Gait Speed in the Elderly

“…The lowest muscle mass index was 10.07 kg/m 2 , and the highest 20.20 kg/m 2 , meaning that even the lowest value has exceeded the normal cut-off for the Taiwan population. The study by Vitriana et al (2016) used the cutoff of the Taiwan population to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly (60-85 years) in Bandung. Table 3 describes that the muscle mass index of the elderly participating in this study was all in the moderate category (100%), so the diagnosis of sarcopenia could not be established based on the cut-off for the Taiwanese population.…”

“…The average muscle strength of the elderly was 19.6 kg. The study by Vitriana et al (2016) used the cut-off of the Taiwan population to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly (60-85 years) in Bandung. The criteria for elderly muscle strength in China are determined based on recommendations of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (Zeng et al 2016).…”

“…The Taiwan population Leucine intake determines muscle strength and gait speed cut-off points were chosen as indicators due to the resemblance in anthropometric characteristics and life expectancy with those of the elderly in Indonesia in terms of ethnicity, genetics, body size, lifestyle, and cultural background. Therefore, the indicators for muscle mass assessment were <8.87 kg/m 2 for men and <6.42 kg/m 2 for women, the indicators for muscle strength assessment were <22.5 kg for men and <14.5 kg for women, and the indicator for gait speed of an elderly was ≤1 m/sec (Vitriana et al 2016;Chen et al 2016;Chen et al 2014).…”

“…The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) states that the prevalence of sarcopenia in Asia ranges from 2.5% to 45.7% (Wu et al 2016). The study by Vitriana et al (2016) shows that, based on the AWGS recommended cut-off point, the prevalence of sarcopenia in the elderly (60-85 years of age) in Bandung and Jatinangor was 9.1%, while based on the Taiwan population cut-off point, it was 40.6%. This discrepancy occurred because there was no cut-off value spesifically determined for the elderly population in Indonesia.…”

Hubungan Komponen Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment dan Sarkopenia pada Usia Lanjut

“…Sebuah studi di Bandung mendapatkan angka prevalensi sebesar 9,1% (23,9% untuk laki-laki dan 2,5% untuk perempuan). 20 Lalu di Taiwan didapatkan prevalensi sarkopenia sebesar 18,6% pada wanita dan 23,6% pada pria. 21 Penelitian oleh Brown, dkk.…”