Prevalência do papilomavírus humano (HPV) na cavidade oral e na orofaringe

Abstract

The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the oral cavity and oropharynx has not yet been as well studied as its infection of the vaginal tract. However, new study are emerge after the development of molecular biology techniques. The objective of this study is to show the prevalence of HPV in the oral cavity and the oropharynx. An ample bibliographic review was done showing a prevalence of HPV 6, 11 in a normal oral mucous membrane (latent infection). In oral benign lesions associated with HPV, a prevalence of HPV 6 and 11 was observed in squamous cell papilloma (SCP) and condylomas acuminatum, while HPV 2 and 57 were more prevalent in verruca vulgaris lesions. As for focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) and oral cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the prevalence was of HPV 13 and 32, and HPV 16, respectively. The last findings are, nonetheless, controversial. The last findings are, nonetheless, controversial. Showed also discrepancy result the prevalence of human papillomavírus (HPV) in normal oral mucous (latent infection) and in oral cancer, however evidenced confirmatory result in oral benign lesions associated with virus.

Association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and the oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review

“…The findings that confirm HPV participation in the development of oral squamous carcinomas include the predominant detection of high-risk genotypes (HPV-16/18), the increased prevalence of HPV in dysplasia and squamous carcinomas compared with the normal mucosa, mainly as to high-risk genotypes, indicating HPV as an independent risk factor for the mentioned neoplastic type (6,21,50) . Correspondence around 76% has been found between genotypes identified in tumor sites and metastatic lymph nodes (32) .…”

“…In both studies the prevalence rates ranged from 0% to 100%. Such a variation depends on the sensitivity of the employed technique, the sample size, the state of conservation of the clinical specimens, and epidemiological factors of the studied population (6) . The first meta-analysis found out that the studies in which carcinoma specimens were collected fresh and kept frozen, and then submitted to PCR technique, presented a prevalence rate of 51.6% (115 out of 223).…”

“…Castro and Bussoloti Filho (6) highlight also the fact that the virus is detected just in a subset of tumor cells when cell localization techniques are used, usually with low viral load. Both findings, added to the presence of HPV in samples of normal oral mucosa and pre-neoplastic lesions, may suggest that this virus is merely a passenger in the oral cavity.…”

“…However, mouth-to-mouth contact, vertical birthtransmission and autoinoculation resulting from chewing warts are also transmission modes of this virus to the oral mucosa (10) . The viruses isolated in OSCC are low-risk genotypes, including HPV- 6,11,16,18,22,31,33,35,38,58,68, and 70 (51) . Nevertheless, in around 80% of the cases of infected oral squamous carcinomas, the identified genotypes were HPV-16/18.…”

Oral manifestations in AIDS

“…The presence of HPV lesions is not pathognomonic of HIV infection. 2 Cosmetic treatments for HPV include surgical removal, laser ablation, cryotherapy, and topical application of keratinolytic agents. The use of intralesional injection of antiviral agents, for instance, injection (1,000,000 IU/cm 2 , 1×/week) and subcutaneous (3,000,000 IU/cm 2 , 2×/week) interferon-␣, demonstrated efficacy in long-term resolution.…”