Prevalencia de la depresión en España: Análisis de los últimos 15 años

Abstract

La depresión en España se ha convertido en los últimos años en un importante problema de salud pública que supone al Estado una alta inversión en sanidad. Los distintos trastornos depresivos han sido comúnmente asociados con otros trastornos psicopatológicos, en especial con la ansiedad, y con enfermedades físicas. Su prevalencia varía en función de las investigaciones consultadas debido a las características de las muestras, los instrumentos utilizados o el tipo de trastorno estudiado. Se realiza una revisión sistemática en distintas bases de datos nacionales e internacionales, obteniendo un total de 63 publicaciones que se ve reducido a 9 tras la aplicación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se analizan los datos concernientes a las 9 publicaciones que utilizan muestras de diversa índole: pacientes con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, estudiantes universitarios, población clínica infantil, niños en edad preescolar, población mayor, población general, pacientes hospitalizados y fumadores. Los datos de prevalencia oscilan en los trabajos examinados desde el 1,12% en preescolares, 8,56% en población general y hasta 55,6% en estudiantes universitarios. Tras el análisis de los resultados, se observa un patrón en el género constante (con una proporción superior de mujeres que sufren depresión), aunque los datos de prevalencia varían de un trabajo a otro y su comparación resulta compleja.

Exploring the Relationship Between the Acceptability of an Internet-Based Intervention for Depression in Primary Care and Clinical Outcomes: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Depression is one of the most disabling and prevalent psychological disorders worldwide (1, 2). It has high personal, social, and economic costs (3, 4), and it is among the most common reasons for consulting a general practitioner (GP) (5, 6).…”

Pilot Study on Satisfaction in Children and Adolescents after a Comprehensive Educational Program on Healthy Habits

“…Concerning the items being more aware of the importance of your thoughts and emotions and how useful they think it is for them to work on their thinking, emotions, and physical fitness (3 and 1, respectively), there is a fundamental aspect to pay special attention to in the school and adolescent population: optimal mental health understood as a state of well-being in which a person is aware of his or her capabilities, being able to cope with normal day-to-day stresses, carrying out academic tasks productively, and being able to participate in his or her community (e.g., in the educational environment) in an active manner [43]. In this regard, the WHO adopted the Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 in May 2013 [44], establishing as one of its objectives the prioritization of child and adolescent mental health through policies and laws to protect children and adolescents, supporting parents or legal guardians to provide loving care, implementing school-based programs, and improving the quality of community and online environments. WHO (2022) [44] states that school-based social and emotional learning programs are among the most effective advocacy strategies for countries at all income levels.…”

“…In this regard, the WHO adopted the Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020 in May 2013 [44], establishing as one of its objectives the prioritization of child and adolescent mental health through policies and laws to protect children and adolescents, supporting parents or legal guardians to provide loving care, implementing school-based programs, and improving the quality of community and online environments. WHO (2022) [44] states that school-based social and emotional learning programs are among the most effective advocacy strategies for countries at all income levels. However, Severe Mental Disorders (SMD), such as mood, psychotic and personality disorders, have a negative impact because of the high degree of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral distortion [44], as well as the personal, social, and occupational impairment they entail.…”

“…WHO (2022) [44] states that school-based social and emotional learning programs are among the most effective advocacy strategies for countries at all income levels. However, Severe Mental Disorders (SMD), such as mood, psychotic and personality disorders, have a negative impact because of the high degree of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral distortion [44], as well as the personal, social, and occupational impairment they entail. Therefore, the design and "preliminary implementation" of the educational program "MotivACTION" is proposed to further promote a positive attitude among young students to enable them to face the challenges of everyday life on a personal, social, and educational level.…”

Aspects of sexual life that are associated with the occurrence of depressive disorders and autonomic dysfunction among medical students of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya

“…Gender differences are common theme in the study of mental health. It is well established that gender differences exist in rates of depression and anxiety disorders, with women more likely to experience these disorders than men [15][16][17][18][19]. Women are more likely than men to experience emotional problems and to report a history of non-suicidal self-injury [20].…”