Prevalência da infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii em animais domésticos, silvestres e grupamentos humanos da Amazônia

Abstract

Através de Reação de Hemaglutinação Indireta para toxoplasmose foram examinadas amostras de sangue de dez diferentes espécies de animais domésticos e silvestres, de um grupamento humano da cidade de Manaus-Amazonas e de um grupamento humano indígena de área distante, no território de Roraima. Em 108 animais domésticos, o exame sorológico foi reagente em 90,6% dos gatos (Felis catus), 68,4% dos cães (Canis familiaris), 60,0% dos bovinos (Bos sp), 41,2% dos galináceos (Gallus sp) e 40,0% dos palmípedes (Cairina sp). Nos 104 animais silvestres foram reagentes 75,0% dos felídeos (Felis sp), 63,6% dos marsupiais (Didelphis marsupialis e Marmosa sp), 63,3% dos primatas (Saimiri sp) e 61,1% dos roedores (Proechimys). Entre os dois grupos humanos a prevalência foi de 70,6% nos 51 habitantes da área de Manaus, 64,8% nos 37 silvícolas de Roraima. Os autores discutem os resultados obtidos, assim como os diversos aspectos envolvidos na epidemiologia da toxoplasmose e chamam a atenção para a existência de mecanismos de transmissão ainda não esclarecidos, enfatizando a necessidade de maiores estudos dessa zoonose.<br>Serological examination for Toxoplasma gondii in human blood samples and in blood samples from ten different species of animals obtained in Manaus, State of Amazonas-Brazil, are compared with results obtained from similar examinations of blood from humans living in other areas of the Amazon basin. The domestic cat (Felis catus) showed the highest levels of antibody for Toxoplasma gondii, whereas the domestic chicken (Gallus domesticus) and duck (Cairina sp) the lowest. The other animals showed similar intermediate levels of antibody to this protozoa. The authors discuss the results and several aspects of the involvement in epidemiology of toxoplasmosis and call attention to some transmission mechanisms not yet elucidated

Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in wild rodents and marsupials from the Atlantic Forest, state of São Paulo, Brazil

“…collected in northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest, in the state of Pernambuco (FERRARONI & MARZOCHI, 1980;SIQUEIRA et al, 2013).…”

“…Antibodies to T. gondii in small wild rodents from Brazil were reported in Proechimys sp., Rattus rattus, Nectomys rattus, Akodon cursor, and Thrichomys laurentius SIQUEIRA et al, 2013). In urban area R. rattus presented antibodies to T. gondii (FERRARONI & MARZOCHI, 1980;COLA et al, 2010), and viable parasites were isolated by bioassay and detected by PCR in Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus (MURADIAN et al, 2012).…”

“…The occurrence of T. gondii antibodies in marsupials in Brazil were reported in different species of Didelphis and Monodelphis (FERRARONI & MARZOCHI, 1980;YAI et al, 2003;SIQUEIRA et al, 2013).…”

Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) from an ecological station in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

“…The prevalence in monkeys range from 1.4% in Macaca fascicularis from China (Li et al 2010) to 63.3% in Saimiri spp. from Brazil (Ferraroni & Marzochi 1980). It has been suggested that the evolution of monkeys on a landmass with no felids, the definitive Toxoplasma hosts, has precluded them from developing a protective response to T. gondii (Cunningham et al 1992).…”

Anticorpos anti-toxoplasma gondii em gatos domiciliados no Município de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil

“…In the municipality of Monte Negro, Rondônia, the occurrence of antibodies against T. gondii was 79.4 % among cats from rural areas (CAVALCANTE, 2001). In contrast, in an agglomeration of a native population in Manaus, also in the Amazon region, the frequency of seropositivity in cats was 90.6% (FERRARONI;MARZOCHI, 1980). These data show the need for studies aimed at animals not domiciled and from rural areas, where the feeding of raw meat scraps and hunting habits are more frequent.…”