Prevalences of overweight, obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in the Gulf: systematic review

Abstract

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of risk factors for diabetes and its complications in the Co-operation Council of the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) region.DesignSystematic review.SettingCo-operation Council of the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) states (United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait).ParticipantsResidents of the GCC states participating in studies on the prevalence of overweight and obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension and dyslipidaemia.Main outcome measuresPrevalences of overweight, obesity and hyperglycaemia, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.ResultsForty-five studies were included in the review. Reported prevalences of overweight and obesity in adults were 25–50% and 13–50%, respectively. Prevalence appeared higher in women and to hold a non-linear association with age. Current prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance was estimated to be 10–20%. Prevalence appears to have been increasing in recent years. Estimated prevalences of hypertension and dyslipidaemia were few and used varied definitions of abnormality, making review difficult, but these also appeared to be high and increasing,ConclusionsThere are high prevalences of risk factors for diabetes and diabetic complications in the GCC region, indicative that their current management is suboptimal. Enhanced management will be critical if escalation of diabetes-related problems is to be averted as industrialization, urbanization and changing population demographics continue.

Diabetes or war? Incidence of and indications for limb amputation in Lebanon, 2007

“…Other factors leading to micro-and macro-angiopathy include smoking, obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperlipidaemia, vasculitis and high blood pressure and these risk factors appear to be an increasing problem in the Eastern Mediterranean region [4]. Two or more of these risk factors exponentially increases the possibility of arterial occlusion and amputation.…”

Body Mass Index According to Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Drug Usage in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

“…Moreover, approximately 45-65% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United States are obese [13]. The key risk factors for onset and poor clinical outcomes of diabetes include genetic predisposition, family history, overweight, obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, ethnicity, and environmental factors [14].…”

Potential Nutrigenomic Approaches to Reduce the High Incidence of Obesity in Qatar

“…The sedentary lifestyle together with an obesity-promoting diet has led to the marked increase in levels of overweight and obesity among Qatari [13]. This change in dietary pattern and lifestyle among Qatari population is associated with increased prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, obesity, cancer, and osteoporosis [17][18][19][20][21]. The data about obesity are alarming, with more than 70% of the adult population overweight or obese [4].…”

“…The current studies about obesity in Qatar are mainly focused on epidemiology [6,20,21,80,81], genetics [33,34], cellular studies [82], and metabolomics [44]. No data are available about nutrigenomics, epigenetics, and transcriptome and microbiome analysis.…”