Prevalence Trends and Influencing Factors of Post-Stroke Depression: A Study Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Lyu, Ying; Li, Wei; Tang, Tao

doi:10.12659/msm.933367

Cited by 12 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Young adults (25–54), on average, could have significantly higher scores of depressive symptoms. 28 , 29 On the other hand, older people, due to less exposure to new technologies, may have a different reaction to virtual reality. The exclusion criteria were epilepsy; vertigo; a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of <24, aphasia and a serious loss of sight or hearing that made it impossible to assess cognitive functions based on the MMSE; refusal to participate; intellectual disabilities and disturbances of consciousness.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Immersive Virtual Therapy as a Method Supporting Recovery of Depressive Symptoms in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Randomized Controlled Trial

Kiper¹,

Przysiezna²,

Cieślik³

et al. 2022

CIA

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Purpose Depressive symptoms constitute an important group of mental problems that alter the course of post-stroke rehabilitation by reducing quality of life, physical activity, social functioning, and interpersonal relationships. Although several studies have shown the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) in the motor treatment of poststroke patients, there is a lack of studies that would also evaluate the impact of VR on psychological aspects. Thus, we investigated the effectiveness of immersive VR therapy on both functional activity and depressive symptoms in stroke survivors. Patients and Methods We conducted a single blind, randomized controlled trial comparing VR therapy with Schultz’s Autogenic Training (SAT). Patients randomized to the VR group received treatment in an immersive VR therapeutic garden with elements of psychotherapy and physical activity of the upper extremities, whereas patients in the control group received SAT. Additionally, patients in both groups received standard neurological rehabilitation. The full research cycle lasted six weeks. We used Geriatric Depression Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Acceptance of Illness Scale, Visual Analogue Scale of pain, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Barthel Index, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale and Rivermead Motor Assessment for outcome assessment. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03830372). Results We assessed 60 patients and randomly assigned to the VR or control group. The VR group showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms (ηp 2 = 0.13, p < 0.01) compared to SAT. The applied VR therapy significantly increased the sense of self-efficacy and the level of acceptance of the illness; however, this effect was similar to that obtained with the standard intervention. We did not observe statistically significant changes in the functional parameters of post-stroke patients. Conclusion The use of VR therapy combined with neurological rehabilitation had a positive effect on improving mood and reducing depressive symptoms in post-stroke patients.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Immersive Virtual Therapy as a Method Supporting Recovery of Depressive Symptoms in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Randomized Controlled Trial

Kiper¹,

Przysiezna²,

Cieślik³

et al. 2022

CIA

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“…Genetic and epigenetic factors may play a role in poststroke depression (12, 16). Among others, lower education levels, lower income, and sleep disorder are found to be associated with a higher prevalence of poststroke depression (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of social support in poststroke depression: A meta-analysis

Wang²

2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Poststroke depression significantly affects health and quality of life of stroke patients. This study evaluates the role of social support in influencing poststroke depression. The literature search was conducted in electronic databases and study selection was based on precise eligibility criteria. The prevalence rates reported by individual studies were pooled. A meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) in social support between depressed and non-depressed stroke patients was performed. The odds ratios and correlation coefficients showing the relationship between social support and depression were pooled to achieve overall estimates. Twenty-five studies (9431 patients) were included. The prevalence of depression was 36% [95% confidence interval (CI): 28, 45]. Patients with poststroke depression had significantly lower social support in comparison with patients with no or lower levels of depression [SMD in social support scores −0.338 (95% CI: −0.589, −0.087); p = 0.008]. The odds of depression were lower in patients receiving higher levels of social support [OR 0.82 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.95)] but were higher in patients who were receiving weaker social support [OR 5.22 (95% CI: −0.87, 11.31)]. A meta-analysis of correlation coefficients found a significantly inverse correlation between social support and poststroke depression [r −0.336 (95% CI: −0.414, −0.254)]. Poststroke depression has a significant independent inverse association with social support.

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“…Interestingly, in our dataset of patients, the co-existence of depression was independently associated with the occurrence of CI post-lacunar stroke. Female stroke survivors may be facing additional challenges of post-stroke depression and unmet social needs, such as living alone or being a caregiver themselves before the stroke ( 19 , 21 , 24 , 51 – 53 ). We were not able to determine the exact onset of depressive symptoms in our patients, and could not conclude whether depression preceded cognitive decline or developed as a parallel trajectory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The female sex has been also associated with both worse pre-stroke functioning and pre-stroke dementia ( 18 , 19 ). In addition, women are more likely than men to experience post-stroke depression, which is a risk factor for cognitive decline, although the results are conflicting and age-related ( 20 , 21 ). A variable proportion of patients after a lacunar stroke had been reported to have CI of any severity (mild cognitive impairment or dementia), ranging from 24 to 47%, with most of the studies referring to early post-event assessment, which may be influenced by acute complications and interventions and may even be reversible to a certain extent ( 4 , 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the female sex associated with an increased risk for long-term cognitive decline after the first-ever lacunar stroke? Prospective study on small vessel disease cohort

et al. 2023

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BackgroundSex is a significant determinant of survival and functional outcome after stroke. Long-term cognitive outcome after acute lacunar stroke in the context of sex differences has been rarely reported.MethodsA cohort of small vessel disease (SVD) patients presenting with first-ever acute lacunar stroke and normal cognitive status has been evaluated 4 years after the qualifying event for the presence of cognitive impairment (CI) with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Differences in baseline clinical and neuroimaging characteristics were compared between sexes in relation to cognitive status.ResultsA total of 124 female and 150 male patients were analyzed. No difference was detected between the groups regarding age (p = 0.932) or frequency of common vascular risk factors (p > 0.1 for all). At the baseline assessment, women had more disabilities compared to men with a mean modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 2.5 (1.5 in men, p < 0.0001). Scores of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin and a total number of lacunes of presumed vascular origin on brain MRI were higher in women compared to men (p < 0.0001 for all). As many as 64.6% of patients had CI of any severity on follow-up, women more frequently (77.4%) than men (54.0%; p < 0.0001). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, higher NIHSS and mRS scores, presence of depression, and increasing WMH severity were associated with an increased risk for CI. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that only depression (OR 1.74, 95%CI 1.25–2.44; p = 0.001) and WMH severity (OR 1.10, 95%CI 1.03–1.17; p = 0.004) were independently associated with the CI.ConclusionAt the long-term follow-up, women lacunar stroke survivors, compared to men, more frequently had CI in the presence of more severe vascular brain lesions, but this association was dependent on the occurrence of depression and severity of WMH, and could not be explained by differences in common vascular risk factors.

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Prevalence Trends and Influencing Factors of Post-Stroke Depression: A Study Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Immersive Virtual Therapy as a Method Supporting Recovery of Depressive Symptoms in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Immersive Virtual Therapy as a Method Supporting Recovery of Depressive Symptoms in Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: Randomized Controlled Trial

Role of social support in poststroke depression: A meta-analysis

Is the female sex associated with an increased risk for long-term cognitive decline after the first-ever lacunar stroke? Prospective study on small vessel disease cohort

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