Prevalence, toxin-typing and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens in sheep with different feeding modes from Gansu and Qinghai provinces, China

Wu, Ke; Feng, Hang; Ma, Jian-Gang; Wang, Bin; Feng, Jie; Zhang, Hui; Jiang, Yanfen; Li, Ruichao; Wang, Juan; Yang, Zhicong

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102516

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In this study, the positive rate of C. perfringens was 19.35% (144/744), which is lower than that of 45% of Tibetan sheep in Gansu and Qinghai regions of China ( 23 ), 65.42% of cattle in Pakistan ( 24 ), 69.7% cattle and 61.5% in Egypt ( 25 ), closing to the cattle (20.8%) and goats (18.3%) in northeast India ( 26 ). Moreover, several studies have shown the varying prevalence of C. perfringens in chickens, pigs, poultry, buffalo, and sheep ( 27 , 28 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Antimicrobial susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from yaks in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China

Luo

Gong

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) is an opportunistic pathogen that cause necrotic enteritis, food poisoning and even death in animals. In this study, we explored the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Clostridium perfringens isolated from yak in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China. A total of 744 yak fecal samples were collected and assessed for toxin genes, antimicrobial susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results indicated that 144 out of 744 (19.35%) yak fecal samples were tested to be positive for C. perfringens, 75% (n = 108, 108/144) were C. perfringens type A, 17.36% (n = 25, 25/144) were C. perfringens type C, 2.78% (n = 4, 4/144) were C. perfringens type D, and 4.86% (n = 7, 7/144) were C. perfringens type F. In addition, 2.78% (n = 4, 4/144) of the isolates were positive for cpb2 toxin gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that 98.61% (142/144) of the isolates showed multiple-antibiotic resistance. According to MLST and phylogenetic tree, 144 yak-derived C. perfringens isolates had an average of 12.95 alleles and could be divided into 89 sequence types (STs) and clustered in 11 clonal complexes (CCs). The most of isolates belong to type A with a considerable genetic diversity, having Simpson index up to 0.9754. MLST and phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates under the same clade came from multiple regions. Cross-transmission among isolates and interconnectedness were observed in the genetic evolution. According to the study, the most of the isolates exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial resistance, diverse alleles, and multiple lethal toxin genes of C. perfringens.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Antimicrobial susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from yaks in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China

Luo

Gong

et al. 2022

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Thirty-six strains of C. perfringens were eventually recovered from the samples after isolation and molecular-based identification, and antibiotic sensitivity testing was then performed on the isolates. Interestingly, we found one C. perfringens designated as QHY-2 showed strong resistance against florfenicol (MIC = 32 µg/mL) ( 46 ), which was rarely observed in C. perfringens . To investigate the causes of strong resistance against florfenicol in QHY-2, in this study, we screened for the florfenicol-resistant genes floR , fexA , fexB , cfr , and optrA with PCR assays, as described in the previous reports ( 47 - 49 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome characteristics of the optrA -positive Clostridium perfringens strain QHY-2 carrying a novel plasmid type

Wu,

Li,

Fang

et al. 2023

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Clostridium perfringens is a bacterial species of importance to both public and animal health. The gene optrA is the first gene that confers resistance to the tedizolid, a last-resort antimicrobial agent in human medicine. Herein, we whole-genome sequenced and analyzed one optrA -positive C. perfringens strain QHY-2 from Tibetan sheep in Qinghai province and identified one optrA plasmid pQHY-2. The plasmid shared similar structure with the optrA -positive plasmids p2C45 and p21-D-5b previously identified in C. perfringens , demonstrating the potential horizontal transmission of the optrA plasmids among C. perfringens strains. Annotation of the optrA -positive plasmids showed optrA and erm (A) located on a segment flanked by IS element IS 1216E , and fexA , optrA, and erm (A) located on a segment flanked by IS element IS Vlu1 , which revealed the possible dissemination mechanism. Additionally, a Tn 6218 -like transposon carrying aac(6′)-aph(2″ ) and erm (B) was also detected on pQHY-2, demonstrating the transposition of Tn 6218 and spread of antibiotic resistance among Clostridium bacteria. Molecular analysis indicated the optrA -positive plasmids belonged to a plasmid type distinct from the pCW3-like plasmids, pCP13-like plasmids, or pIP404-like plasmids. Further structure analysis showed they might be formed by inserting segments into plasmid pCPCPI53k-r1_1, which coexist with two pCW3-like plasmids and one pCP13-like plasmid in C. perfringens strain CPI 53k-r1 isolated from a healthy human in Finland. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is now a global concern posing threats to food safety and public health. The pCW3-like plasmids can encode several main toxin genes and three antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including tetA (P), tetB (P), and erm (B), which used to be considered as the main carrier of ARGs in Clostridium perfringens . In this study, we found the optrA plasmids, which belonged to a novel plasmid type, could also harbor many other ARGs, indicating this type of plasmid might be the potential repository of ARGs in C. perfringens . Additionally, this type of plasmid could coexist with the pCW3-like plasmids and pCP13-like plasmids that encoded toxin genes associated with gastrointestinal diseases, which showed the potential threat to public health.

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“…However, not all C. perfringens strains synthesize all types of toxins, but among the clostridial group species, it is the most potent toxinproducing species due to its short generation time which can be less than 8 min in CPE-producing strains when cultured in autoclaved ground beef in temperatures between 41 ○ C and 46 ○ C, for instance [5]. Out of more than 20 toxins produced by C. perfringens, six major potent toxins (CPA, CPB, ETX, ITX, CPE, and NetB) are used to classify it into seven toxinotypes (from A to G), according to the recent toxinotyping system [7]. Based on this classification, type A strains of C. perfringens are mainly the causative agent of gas gangrene and do not cause food poisoning in humans, while type B, C, and D strains have clinical importance in the veterinary field by causing enteric diseases in animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Domesticated Ruminants in Duhok Governorate, Iraq

Mamsin,

Barzani,

Mohammed

2023

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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C lostridium perfringens is a zoonotic pathogen causing various health problems like gas gangrene, food poisoning, and other enteric infections, especially in domestic livestock, leading to significant global economic losses. In present study, C. perfringens strains were isolated and identified depending on 16 rRNA and genotyping based on genes encoding alpha, beta, epsilon, iota, enterotoxin, NetB toxins, then sequencing of 16S rRNA and some main toxin-producing genes in 219 samples collected from domesticated ruminants in sheep, goats, and calves, during the period from August to December of 2020, in Duhok province/ Iraq. Out of a total 67, Forty-seven (28.8%) isolates of C. perfringens were obtained in 163 ruminal content samples from healthy sheep and goats, and out of 56 samples of calves (34 healthy and 22 diarrheic); 20 (35.7%) isolates (7 (20.5%) isolates from healthy and 13 (59%) isolates from diarrheic) were confirmed as C. perfringens. Of the 47 isolates from healthy sheep and goats, 39 (82.97%) were identified as type A, and 8 (17.03%) as type D. While all 20 isolates from healthy and diarrhetic calves were diagnosed as type A. None of the total 67 C. perfringens isolates were carrying genes encoding beta, iota, enterotoxin, and NetB toxins. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that all isolated strains were clustered in same group. Clostridium perfringens is one of the major pathogens with health concern in both humans and animals. Type A and D were the only genotypes obtained from the collected samples which were genetically similar.

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Prevalence, toxin-typing and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens in sheep with different feeding modes from Gansu and Qinghai provinces, China

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Antimicrobial susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from yaks in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China

Antimicrobial susceptibility and multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens isolated from yaks in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China

Genome characteristics of the optrA -positive Clostridium perfringens strain QHY-2 carrying a novel plasmid type

Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis of Clostridium perfringens Isolated from Domesticated Ruminants in Duhok Governorate, Iraq

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