Prevalence, symptomatology, and risk factors for depression among high school students in Saudi Arabia

Asal, Abdel-Rahman A.; Abdel-Fattah, Moataz M.

doi:10.1037/e677552011-004

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In their meta-analysis, Pinquart and colleagues [ 44 ] had shown that children and adolescents with chronic physical illnesses had higher levels of depressive symptoms as compared to their healthy peers. This was also documented in a study among a subpopulation of high school students in KSA, in which they found chronic illness to be a significant risk factor for depression [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Predictors of adolescents’ mental health problems in Saudi Arabia: findings from the Jeeluna® national study

Abbas

AlBuhairan

2017

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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BackgroundDepression and anxiety among adolescents require further attention as they have profound harmful implications on several aspects of adolescents’ wellbeing and can be associated with life threatening risk behaviors such as suicide.ObjectiveTo examine the underlying risk factors for feeling so sad or hopeless and for feeling worried among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.MethodsData from Jeeluna® national survey was used. A cross-sectional, multi-stage, stratified, cluster random sampling technique was applied among a sample of students aged 10–19 years attending intermediate and secondary schools in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire assessing several domains, including feeling so sad or hopeless and worried, was used to collect data. Logistic regression models were fitted to determine the different factors associated with mental health.ResultsA sample of 12,121 students was included in this study. Feeling so sad or hopeless and feeling worried were significantly more prevalent among females and older adolescents (p < 0.0001). The results showed that poor relationship with parents, negative body image, and chronic illness to be significantly associated with feeling so sad or hopeless and worried.ConclusionsSymptoms suggestive of mental health problems among adolescents in Saudi Arabia are prevalent and deserve special attention. Adopting effective strategies, including regular screening and intervention programs are highly needed to better address, detect, and control early signs of these problems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Predictors of adolescents’ mental health problems in Saudi Arabia: findings from the Jeeluna® national study

Abbas

AlBuhairan

2017

Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health

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“…Regional studies of young persons have also reported relatively high rates of emotional symptoms. For example, Abdel-Fattah and Asal identified a systematic sample of 490 secondary school students in Taif, assessing depressive symptoms using the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) [8]. Average age was 17 years and 38% were female.…”

Section: The Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Care in Saudi Arabia: Past, Present and Future

Koenig¹,

Zaben²,

Sehlo³

et al. 2014

OJPsych

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We review the past, present and future state of mental health care in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The past is reviewed prior to the modern era, discussing early explanations and treatments for mental health illness up through the establishment of the first mental hospital in the 1950s, tracking advances in mental health care over the past 60 years. The present is explored in terms of the current need for mental health care based on the prevalence of mental health problems in KSA. We also discuss the role of the family in caring for the needs of the mentally ill today. Finally, we look forward into the future, discuss the current education system that will produce the next generation of mental health professionals, examine areas of mental health care that need improvement, and provide a research agenda to guide the continued development of the mental health care system in KSA. Our goal is to present a blue print for the development of a state-of-the-art mental health that may serve as a model for other countries in the Middle East, while taking into account the political, cultural and religious factors that are unique to this region of the world.

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“…However, based on the most recent data published by the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of mental illness is approximately 25% in both developed and under-developed nations ( Mental health atlas, 2015 ). Moreover, some studies suggest a higher prevalence of mental illness among women, divorcees, widowed, and older adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( Koenig et al, 2014 , Al-Shammari and Al-Subaie, 1999 , Abdel-Fattah and Asal, 2006 ). In the last decade, the divorce rate has tremendously increased in the kingdom reaching up to 20% of all new marriages ( AlMunajjed, 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortage of psychotropic medications in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia: Causes and solutions

AlRuthia

Mansy

Barasin

et al. 2017

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal

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Patients with mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety, who seek medical care in private psychiatric clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, have recently expressed concerns to doctors about difficulty in filling psychotropic medications, such as Amitriptyline and Aripiprazole, at retail community pharmacies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a shortage of some commonly prescribed psychotropic medications in retail community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia, and if so, to explore the possible reasons behind the shortage of these medications. The availability of 28 commonly prescribed psychotropic medications was checked in multiple retail community pharmacies in 4 different regions of Saudi Arabia. Further, potential reasons behind the shortage of some psychotropic medications in retail community pharmacies were also explored. Amitriptyline, Amoxapine, Aripiprazole, Bupropion, Buspirone, Duloxetine, Haloperidol, Hydroxyzine, Lithium, Prochlorperazine, Procyclidine, Promethazine, Thioridazine, Trazodone, and Trifluoperazine were unavailable in over half of the 248 community pharmacies surveyed. Four possible reasons behind the shortage of these medications were reported by 31 pharmacists working in different retail community pharmacies' purchasing departments, with a majority (58.06%) reporting the primary reason for a shortage of these medications that they are slow-moving items with low profit margins. The findings of this study should expedite the reform process in both the Ministry of Health and the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) to publish and enforce an essential list of medications for retail community pharmacies, which should include the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medications.

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Prevalence, symptomatology, and risk factors for depression among high school students in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Predictors of adolescents’ mental health problems in Saudi Arabia: findings from the Jeeluna® national study

Predictors of adolescents’ mental health problems in Saudi Arabia: findings from the Jeeluna® national study

Mental Health Care in Saudi Arabia: Past, Present and Future

Shortage of psychotropic medications in community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia: Causes and solutions

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