Prevalence, symptomatology, and risk factors for depression among high school students in Saudi Arabia

Abdel-Fattah, Moataz M.; Asal, Abdel-Rahman A.

doi:10.5964/ejop.v2i3.335

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Two studies applied PCA (15,18) and two applied EFA (19,26). All of the studies supported the two-factor model, with the first factor being called "cognitive-affective" in all four studies and the second factor "somatic-non-specific" (15,18,19) and "somaticaffective" (26). Split by gender, certain items that loaded on factor one in girls did not load on the same factor in boys.…”

Section: Differences Between Boys and Girls Regarding The Factor Strumentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Three of these studies included healthy adolescents (15,18,19) and one included psychiatric inpatients (26). Two studies applied PCA (15,18) and two applied EFA (19,26). All of the studies supported the two-factor model, with the first factor being called "cognitive-affective" in all four studies and the second factor "somatic-non-specific" (15,18,19) and "somaticaffective" (26).…”

Section: Differences Between Boys and Girls Regarding The Factor Strumentioning

confidence: 95%

“…However, there are fewer studies with respect to the factor structure of the BDI-II in adolescent/young adult samples (age between 12 and 20 years). Most of the existing studies were conducted in healthy students (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), some examined outpatients (21,(23)(24)(25) and one study examined an inpatient sample (26). In the examined clinical samples, most participants fulfilled criteria for various psychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Exploratory Factor Analyses In Adolescent and Young Adult Samentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, only four studies have investigated the factor structure of the BDI-II in adolescents split by gender. Three of these studies included healthy adolescents (15,18,19) and one included psychiatric inpatients (26). Two studies applied PCA (15,18) and two applied EFA (19,26).…”

Section: Differences Between Boys and Girls Regarding The Factor Strumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Adolescent Psychiatric Patients

2020

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The revised version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) is one of the most frequently applied questionnaires not only in adults, but also in adolescents. To date, attempts to identify a replicable factor structure of the BDI-II have mainly been undertaken in adult populations. Moreover, most of the studies which included minors and were split by gender lacked confirmatory factor analyses and were generally conducted in healthy adolescents. The present study therefore aimed to determine the goodness of fit of various factor models proposed in the literature in an adolescent clinical sample, to evaluate alternative solutions for the factor structure and to explore potential gender differences in factor loadings. The focus was on testing bifactor models and subsequently on calculating bifactor statistical indices to help clarify whether a uni- or a multidimensional construct is more appropriate, and on testing the best-fitting factor model for measurement invariance according to gender. The sample comprised 835 adolescent girls and boys aged 13–18 years in out- and inpatient setting. Several factor models proposed in the literature provided a good fit when applied to the adolescent clinical sample, and differences in goodness of fit were small. Exploratory factor analyses were used to develop and test a bifactor model that consisted of a general factor and two specific factors, termed cognitive and somatic. The bifactor model confirmed the existence of a strong general factor on which all items load, and the bifactor statistical indices suggest that the BDI-II should be seen as a unidimensional scale. Concerning measurement invariance across gender, there were differences in loadings on item 21 (Loss of interest in sex) on the general factor and on items 1 (Sadness), 4 (Loss of pleasure), and 9 (Suicidal Thoughts) on the specific factors. Thus, partial measurement invariance can be assumed and differences are negligible. It can be concluded that the total score of the BDI-II can be used to measure depression severity in adolescent clinical samples.

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Section: Differences Between Boys and Girls Regarding The Factor Strumentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Differences Between Boys and Girls Regarding The Factor Strumentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Exploratory Factor Analyses In Adolescent and Young Adult Samentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differences Between Boys and Girls Regarding The Factor Strumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Adolescent Psychiatric Patients

2020

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“…Moreover, anxiety level among college-level students is already a public health concern. In fact, several previous researches have examined students' anxiety, depression, and stress and have discussed factors that might affect students' mental health (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Looking at students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Amr et al (27) reported a 20% level of anxiety among college-level Saudi students, while Al-Gelban (26) argued that 14.3% of secondary school students experience anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety Level of University Students During COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

et al. 2020

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COVID-19 is the worst pandemic of this millennium, and it is considered to be the “public enemy number one.” This catastrophe has changed the way we live in the blink of an eye. Not only has it threatened our existence and health status, but the damage associated with it could equally affect our economic, social, and educational systems. The focus of this study was on the anxiety level of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted between March and June 2020. A questionnaire was administered online, and 400 completed questionnaires were returned. In this study, the Zung self-rating anxiety scale was used to determine the anxiety levels among the respondents. The results indicated that about 35% of the students experienced moderate to extreme levels of anxiety. Anxiety was highly associated with age, sex, and level of education. These findings can enlighten government agencies and policy makers on the importance of making prompt, effective decisions to address students' anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers are encouraged to focus their future studies on how to develop strategies to boost students' resilience and enhance their adaptability skills for similar disasters in the future.

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Risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms and suicidality among children and adolescents in Lebanon: Results from a national survey

Baroud

Rojolah

Ghandour

et al. 2020

Journal of Affective Disorders Reports

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Prevalence, symptomatology, and risk factors for depression among high school students in Saudi Arabia

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Adolescent Psychiatric Patients

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Gender of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Adolescent Psychiatric Patients

Anxiety Level of University Students During COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia

Risk and protective factors for depressive symptoms and suicidality among children and adolescents in Lebanon: Results from a national survey

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