Prevalence, survival analysis and multimorbidity of chronic diseases in the general veterinarian-attended horse population of the UK

Welsh, Claire; Duz, Marco; Parkin, Timothy; Marshall, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.07.011

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The variability in laminitis frequency estimates, and the paucity of those applicable to the general equine population, were demonstrated by a systematic review [1]. Veterinary-diagnosed laminitis prevalence estimates within Great Britain (GB) range from 0.5 to 23.5% [2][3][4][5][6]. Differences in study design, populations sampled and laminitis case definitions across studies renders direct comparison between previous laminitis frequency estimates inappropriate [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and clinical signs of owner‐reported equine laminitis in a cohort of horses and ponies in Great Britain

Pollard

Wylie

Newton

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Background Previous robust epidemiological studies of equine laminitis have utilised only veterinary‐diagnosed episodes of disease, potentially underestimating true disease frequency. Objectives To estimate the incidence of, and describe clinical signs associated with, owner‐reported active laminitis in horses/ponies, using both veterinary‐diagnosed and nonveterinary‐diagnosed episodes. Study design Prospective cohort. Methods Data were collected from horse/pony owners in Great Britain between August 2014 and December 2016 using a web‐based application. The incidence of owner‐reported laminitis was estimated using both first incident and repeat episodes reported during the study period via a previously validated laminitis reporting form. Owner‐reported clinical signs present in these episodes were recorded. Results A total of 1070 horses/ponies contributed 1068 horse‐years at risk (HYAR) and 123 active laminitis episodes were reported in 97 animals. Sixty‐two of these episodes (50.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 41.6, 59.2%) were veterinary‐diagnosed and 75.3% (CI 66.7, 83.8%; n = 73) of horses/ponies reported to have laminitis during the study had a previous laminitis history. Overall owner‐reported first episode incidence was 9.6 episodes (CI 7.8, 11.7)/100 HYAR, whereas incidence including repeat episodes was 11.5 episodes (CI 9.7, 13.7)/100 HYAR. Laminitis occurred throughout the year with no significant differences between seasonal incidence estimates. Incidence was highest in Connemara and New Forest and lowest in Draught and Cob breed categories. The most prevalent owner‐reported clinical signs (≥70%) were difficulty turning and a short/stilted or lame walk. Laminitis was reported in all limbs, however; both forelimbs were most commonly affected (62.9%, CI 54.1, 71.7%; n = 73/116). Main limitations Self‐selection enrolment of participants may limit generalisability of the findings. Conclusions Laminitis remains a considerable year‐round welfare issue of horses and ponies, with frequency estimates utilising owner‐reported data more representative of the true impact of the disease. The clinical signs reported by horse/pony owners were reflective of those previously described by veterinary surgeons.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and clinical signs of owner‐reported equine laminitis in a cohort of horses and ponies in Great Britain

Pollard

Wylie

Newton

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although the exact proportion of horses and ponies aged ≥15 years in the equine population remains unknown, it has been estimated at 25–29% and evidence suggests that this section of the population is increasing . Many old horses continue to have a useful working life so knowledge of diseases affecting them is essential to be able to provide adequate preventive or therapeutic measures to maximise their athletic career and quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of owner‐reported ocular problems and veterinary ocular findings in a population of horses aged ≥15 years

Malalana

McGowan

Ireland

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The greater longevity of the horse population has increased the risks of chronic diseases, such as laminitis, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, recurrent airway obstruction, osteoarthritis, and neoplasia, and increased multimorbidity in horses [22, 23]. However, few treatments are available for chronic diseases in horses, including malignant tumors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PD-L1 expression in equine malignant melanoma and functional effects of PD-L1 blockade

Ganbaatar

Konnai

Okagawa

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

24 Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an immunoinhibitory receptor expressed on exhausted T cells 25 during chronic illness. Interaction of PD-1 with its ligand PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) delivers inhibitory 26 signals and impairs proliferation, cytokine production, and cytotoxicity of T cells. We reported 27 that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is closely associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression 28 in bovine chronic infections and canine tumors. Moreover, we found that blocking antibodies 29 targeting PD-1 and PD-L1 restore T-cell functions and may be used in immunotherapy in cattle 30 and dogs. However, the immunological role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway remains unclear for 31 chronic equine diseases, including tumors. In this study, we identified nucleotide sequences of 32 equine PD-1 (EqPD-1) and PD-L1 (EqPD-L1) and investigated the role of anti-bovine PD-L1 33 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against EqPD-L1 using in vitro assays. We also evaluated the 34 expression of PD-L1 in tumor tissues of equine malignant melanoma (EMM). 35The amino acid sequences of EqPD-1 and EqPD-L1 share a high identity and similarity with 36 homologs from other mammalian species. Two clones of the anti-bovine PD-L1 mAbs recognized 37 EqPD-L1 in flow cytometry, and one of these cross-reactive mAbs blocked the binding of equine 38 PD-1/PD-L1. Importantly, PD-L1 expression was confirmed in EMM tumor tissues by 39 immunohistochemistry. A cultivation assay revealed that PD-L1 blockade enhanced the 40 production of Th1 cytokines in equine immune cells.41 These results suggest that our anti-PD-L1 mAbs may be useful for investigating the expression 42 and role of the equine PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Further research is required to discover the 43 immunological role of PD-1/PD-L1 in chronic equine diseases and elucidate a future application 44 in immunotherapy for horse. 45 Keywords: horse, PD-1, PD-L1, IFN-γ, T cells, chronic diseases, melanoma 3 46 Introduction 47 Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is an immunoinhibitory receptor, which is expressed on activated 48 and exhausted T cells [1]. Its ligand programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed on immune 49 cells, including antigen-presenting cells, and tumor cells [1]. The interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 50 suppresses the activation signal mediated by T-cell receptors and inhibits effector functions of T 51 cells, such as cytokine production and cell proliferation [1]. This pathway is invaluable for 52 regulating excessive immune responses. In cancers, however, tumor cells utilize the suppression 53 of T cells mediated by PD-1/PD-L1 to avoid anti-tumor immune responses [1]. In human medicine, 54 the blocking antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have been leveraged for treatment of various 55 types of cancers and resulted in remarkable outcomes with 20%-90% response rates in multiple 56 clinical trials [1].57 Equine malignant melanoma (EMM) is a common neoplasm among aged gray horses, which 58 results in dermal tumors at multiple sites [2]. A previous study reported that around 80% of aged 59 gray horses deve...

show abstract

Prevalence, survival analysis and multimorbidity of chronic diseases in the general veterinarian-attended horse population of the UK

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Incidence and clinical signs of owner‐reported equine laminitis in a cohort of horses and ponies in Great Britain

Incidence and clinical signs of owner‐reported equine laminitis in a cohort of horses and ponies in Great Britain

Prevalence of owner‐reported ocular problems and veterinary ocular findings in a population of horses aged ≥15 years

PD-L1 expression in equine malignant melanoma and functional effects of PD-L1 blockade

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About