Prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections in Argentina; comparison with England, Wales, Northern Ireland and South Africa

Durlach, Ricardo; McIlvenny, G.; Newcombe, Robert G.; Reid, Gerard; Doherty, Lorraine; Freuler, Cristina; Rodríguez, V.; Duse, Adrian; Smyth, E.T.M.

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2011.12.001

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is 60.77% in males and 39.22% in females. The study reports from England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland [32] supporting that case infection is higher in males than females. Choi et al, [33] in their hospital study in Korea reveal that 68.8% of hospitalized cases are males; even though, no signifi cant difference in death between males and females has been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Case fatality of Pneumonia: A ′5′ year retrospective study

Antony¹,

Celine²,

Chacko³

2014

Int J Med Public Health

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Context: Pneumonia is an infl ammatory condition of the lung affecting the alveoli with the infection of microorganisms. Aim: The present study aims to fi nd out the case fatality of pneumonia based on the variables such as age, sex and year. Study Design and Settings: It is a retrospective study of fi ve years conducted in medical college hospital at the Ernakulam district of Kerala State in India. Methods and Materials: The data were collected from the Medical Records department and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel. Statistical Analysis Used: 'Z' test was applied for fi nding out the difference in proportions. Result: Out of 5496 pneumonia cases, 3340 (60.77%) were males and 2156 (39.22%) were females. The proportion of males was higher than females. The proportion of pneumonia cases was higher in the low age group (0-5 years) than other age groups. Broncho-pneumonia (84.95%) was reported as the most dominant type of infection in the present study. Of 5496 cases, 79 deaths were reported with a case fatality rate of 1.43%. Case fatality rate among males (1.67%) was higher than females (1.06%) (P = 0.05). Case fatality rate of pneumonia in 0-5 years was 0.11% and 36.84% in 85 years and above. Case fatality of pneumonia increased from 0.55% in 2005 to 4.39% in 2010. Conclusion: The case infection of pneumonia is higher in low age groups due to associated risk factors while case fatality is higher in old age groups may be due to aging of organ systems and age-associated diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Case fatality of Pneumonia: A ′5′ year retrospective study

Antony¹,

Celine²,

Chacko³

2014

Int J Med Public Health

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“…Children had higher HAI rates overall (16.5%), and a greater prevalence of BSI and respiratory tract infections. [15,16] Recent prospective clinical surveillance at Tygerberg Children's Hospital paediatric wards and the PICU documented an HAI prevalence of 24%, with hospital-acquired pneumonia and HA-BSI predominating. HAI incidence density was highest in the PICU (94 v. 22/1 000 patient days in wards).…”

Section: In Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

A framework for preventing healthcare-associated infection in neonates and children in South Africa

2017

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Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a frequent and serious complication affecting 4 -8% of hospitalised children and neonates in high-income countries. The burden of HAI in South African (SA) paediatric and neonatal wards is substantial but underappreciated, owing to a lack of HAI surveillance and reporting. Maternal and child health and infection prevention are priority areas for healthcare quality improvement in the National Core Standards programme. Despite increasing recognition in SA, infection prevention efforts targeting hospitalised children and neonates are hampered by health system, institutional and individual patient factors. To ensure safe healthcare delivery to children, a co-ordinated HAI prevention strategy should promote development of infection prevention norms and policies, education, patient safety advocacy, healthcare infrastructure, surveillance and research. We present a framework for SA to develop and expand HAI prevention in hospitalised neonates and children.

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“…[7,8] A single study in 2005 estimated a prevalence of 9.7% for four major HAI types, with higher prevalence among children (16.5%) and patients in intensive care units (ICUs) (28.5%). [9,10] In 2012, SA introduced National Core Standards for Healthcare Establishments, [11] with a patient safety domain mandating HAI surveillance, but lacking recommendations for HAI surveillance methods. Prospective clinical (patient-based) surveillance is considered the reference method or 'gold standard' for HAI surveillance, but requires substantial resources.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of healthcare-associated infection in hospitalised South African children: Which method performs best?

2016

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Background. In 2012, the South African (SA) National Department of Health mandated surveillance of healthcare-associated infection (HAI), but made no recommendations of appropriate surveillance methods. Methods. Prospective clinical HAI surveillance (the reference method) was conducted at Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town, from 1 May to 31 October 2015. Performance of three surveillance methods (point prevalence surveys (PPSs), laboratory surveillance and tracking of antimicrobial prescriptions) was compared with the reference method using surveillance evaluation guidelines. Factors associated with failure to detect HAI were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results. The reference method detected 417 HAIs among 1 347 paediatric hospitalisations (HAI incidence of 31/1000 patient days; 95% confidence interval (CI) 28.2 -34.2). Surveillance methods had variable sensitivity (S) and positive predictive value (PPV): PPS S = 24.9% (95% CI 21 -29.3), PPV = 100%; laboratory surveillance S = 48.4% (95% CI 43.7 -53.2), PPV = 55.2% (95% CI 50.1 -60.2); and antimicrobial prescriptions S = 66.4% (95% CI 61.8 -70.8%), PPV = 88.5% (95% CI 84.5 -91.6). Combined laboratory-antimicrobial surveillance achieved superior HAI detection (S = 84.7% (95% CI 80.9 -87.8%), PPV = 97% (95% CI 94.6 -98.4%)). Factors associated with failure to detect HAI included patient transfer (odds ratio (OR) 2.0), single HAI event (OR 2.8), age category 1 -5 years (OR 2.1) and hospitalisation in a general ward (OR 2.3). Conclusions. Repeated PPSs, laboratory surveillance and/or antimicrobial prescription tracking are feasible HAI surveillance methods for low-resource settings. Combined laboratory-antimicrobial surveillance achieved the best sensitivity and PPV. SA paediatric healthcare facilities should individualise HAI surveillance, selecting a method suited to available resources and practice context.

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Prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections in Argentina; comparison with England, Wales, Northern Ireland and South Africa

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Case fatality of Pneumonia: A ′5′ year retrospective study

Case fatality of Pneumonia: A ′5′ year retrospective study

A framework for preventing healthcare-associated infection in neonates and children in South Africa

Surveillance of healthcare-associated infection in hospitalised South African children: Which method performs best?

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