Prevalence study of drugs and new psychoactive substances in hair of ketamine consumers using a methanolic direct extraction prior to high-resolution mass spectrometry

Matey, José Manuel; Montalvo, Gemma; García‐Ruiz, Carmen; Zapata, Félix; López-Fernández, Adrián; Martínez, María Antonia

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111080

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Nowadays, and transversal to several fields of science-including medicine, chemistry, pharmacy, and other related fields, high resolution chromatographic techniques (HRCT) and mass spectrometry (MS), has evolved as one of the most valuable analytical tools available to modern scientists allowing a deep and comprehensive knowledge on structural elucidation of unknown substances [133], quality control of drugs [134], clinical [135], environmental [136], food control [137], and forensic analytes [138], providing qualitative as well as quantitative information for a broad variety of compound classes. Other applications include inorganic chemical analysis, geochronology [139], reaction kinetics [140], determination of thermodynamic parameters and ion-molecule reactions [141].…”

Section: Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seafood Processing, Preservation, and Analytical Techniques in the Age of Industry 4.0

Hassoun¹,

Siddiqui

Smaoui

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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Fish and other seafood products are essential dietary components that are highly appreciated and consumed worldwide. However, the high perishability of these products has driven the development of a wide range of processing, preservation, and analytical techniques. This development has been accelerated in recent years with the advent of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) technologies, digitally transforming almost every industry, including the food and seafood industry. The purpose of this review paper is to provide an updated overview of recent thermal and nonthermal processing and preservation technologies, as well as advanced analytical techniques used in the seafood industry. A special focus will be given to the role of different Industry 4.0 technologies to achieve smart seafood manufacturing, with high automation and digitalization. The literature discussed in this work showed that emerging technologies (e.g., ohmic heating, pulsed electric field, high pressure processing, nanotechnology, advanced mass spectrometry and spectroscopic techniques, and hyperspectral imaging sensors) are key elements in industrial revolutions not only in the seafood industry but also in all food industry sectors. More research is still needed to explore how to harness the Industry 4.0 innovations in order to achieve a green transition toward more profitable and sustainable food production systems.

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Section: Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seafood Processing, Preservation, and Analytical Techniques in the Age of Industry 4.0

Hassoun¹,

Siddiqui

Smaoui

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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“…Since then, numerous studies have focused on characterizing fragmentation pathways of fentanyl and its many analogues with tandem MS, 12–16 including by both electrospray ionization (ESI) 17–21 and electron ionization (EI) 22–26 . This has also led to the development of high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods becoming more routinely implemented for identification of fentanyl analogues and other new psychoactive substances (NPS), 27,28 along with the development of software tools to aid in screening 29,30 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependency of fentanyl analogue protomer ratios on solvent conditions as measured by ion mobility‐mass spectrometry

Johnson,

Sabatini,

Aderorho

et al. 2024

J Mass Spectrom

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Recently, our group has shown that fentanyl and many of its analogues form prototropic isomers (“protomers”) during electrospray ionization. These different protomers can be resolved using ion mobility spectrometry and annotated using mobility‐aligned tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation. However, their formation and the extent to which experimental variables contribute to their relative ratio remain poorly understood. In the present study, we systematically investigated the effects of mixtures of common chromatographic solvents (water, methanol, and acetonitrile) and pH on the ratio of previously observed protomers for 23 fentanyl analogues. Interestingly, these ratios (N‐piperidine protonation vs. secondary amine/O = protonation) decreased significantly for many analogues (e.g., despropionyl ortho‐, meta‐, and para‐methyl fentanyl), increased significantly for others (e.g., cis‐isofentanyl), and remained relatively constant for the others as solvent conditions changed from 100% organic solvent (methanol or acetonitrile) to 100% water. Interestingly, pH also had significant effects on this ratio, causing the change in ratio to switch in many cases. Lastly, increasing conditions to pH ≥ 4.0 also prompted the appearance of new mobility peaks for ortho‐ and para‐methyl acetyl fentanyl, where all previous studies had only showed one single distribution. Because these ratios have promise to be used qualitatively for identification of these (and emerging) fentanyl analogues, understanding how various conditions (i.e., mobile phase selection and/or chromatographic gradient) affect their ratios is critically important to the development of advanced ion mobility and mass spectrometry methodologies to identify fentanyl analogues.

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“…Ketamine is a representative substance of arylcyclohexanoneamine derivatives, which acts as an antagonist to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the human body [ 3 ]. Additionally, because of its effects on the central nervous system, which can cause hallucinations, dissociation, and euphoria, ketamine is one of the most widely abused hallucinogens [ 4 , 5 ]. With the increasing attention being paid to the abuse and addiction of ketamine by governments, ketamine is now classified as a strictly controlled substance in many countries worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…human body [3]. Additionally, because of its effects on the central nervous s can cause hallucinations, dissociation, and euphoria, ketamine is one of the abused hallucinogens [4,5]. With the increasing attention being paid to the a diction of ketamine by governments, ketamine is now classified as a stric substance in many countries worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Mass Spectrometry Fragmentation Patterns for Rapid Screening and Structure Identification of Ketamine Analogues in Illicit Powders

Fan,

Gao,

Chen

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Ketamine analogues have been emerging in recent years and are causing severe health and social problems worldwide. Ketamine analogues use 2-phenyl-2-aminocyclohexanone as the basic structure and achieve physiological reactions similar to or even more robust than the prototype of ketamine by changing the substituents on the benzene ring (R1 and R2) and amine group (RN1). Therefore, the mass spectrometry (MS) fragmentation pathways and fragments of ketamine analogues have certain regularity. Eight ketamine analogues are systematically investigated by GC-QTOF/MS and LC-Q-Orbitrap MS/MS with the positive mode of electrospray ionization. The MS fragmentation patterns of ketamine analogues are summarized according to high-resolution MS data. The α-cleavage of carbon bond C1-C2 in the cyclohexanone moiety and further losses of CO, methyl radical, ethyl radical and propyl radical are the characteristic fragmentation pathways of ketamine analogues in EI-MS mode. The loss of H2O or the sequential loss of RN1NH2, CO and C4H6 are the distinctive fragmentation pathways of ketamine analogues in ESI-MS/MS mode. Moreover, these MS fragmentation patterns are first introduced for the rapid screening of ketamine analogues in suspicious powder. Furthermore, the structure of the ketamine analogue in suspicious powder is 2-(Methylamino)-2-(o-tolyl)cyclohexan-1-one, which is further confirmed by NMR. This study contributes to the identification of the chemical structure of ketamine analogues, which can be used for the rapid screening of ketamine analogues in seized chemicals.

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Prevalence study of drugs and new psychoactive substances in hair of ketamine consumers using a methanolic direct extraction prior to high-resolution mass spectrometry

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Seafood Processing, Preservation, and Analytical Techniques in the Age of Industry 4.0

Seafood Processing, Preservation, and Analytical Techniques in the Age of Industry 4.0

Dependency of fentanyl analogue protomer ratios on solvent conditions as measured by ion mobility‐mass spectrometry

Study on the Mass Spectrometry Fragmentation Patterns for Rapid Screening and Structure Identification of Ketamine Analogues in Illicit Powders

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