Prevalence, Severity, and Severity Risk Factors of Acne in High School Pupils: A Community-Based Study

Ghodsi, S Zahra; Orawa, Helmut; Zouboulis, Christos C.

doi:10.1038/jid.2009.47

Cited by 301 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Acne is a multifactorial and self-limited disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, affecting over 90% of adolescents and an increasing number of individuals over 25 years [1,2]. Its pathogenesis is due to 4 major factors: hypercornification of the pilosebaceous duct, increased sebum production, colonization with Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes, and subsequently an inflammatory disease triggered by androgen access together with activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by circulating lipids [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory Acne and 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency in a Selected Group of Female Patients

Caputo¹,

Fiorella²,

Curiale³

et al. 2010

Dermatology

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Background: Excessive androgen production, suspected in women when acne is accompanied by hirsutism and menstrual irregularities, may be due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia. This inherited disorder of cortisol biosynthesis is caused in more than 90–95% of all cases by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD). The steroid 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21) has a high degree of variability. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate CYP21 gene mutations in a selected group of women with papulopustular and comedonal acne refractory to treatment, irregular menses and hirsutism. Methods: 30 out of 61 women enrolled underwent pelvic ultrasound examination and hormonal screening. In 9 patients with a polycystic ovary and hormonal pattern of adrenal hyperandrogenism a significant elevation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone was detected. These women positive in the ACTH stimulation test were submitted to CYP21 gene analysis. Results: Genetic testing revealed several different point mutations and demonstrated that a cohort of patients resistant to acne therapy can be carriers or affected by non-classical 21-OHD (late onset). Conclusion: Persistent acne can be the unique presenting sign of non-classical 21-OHD. Evaluation of CYP21 gene mutations may identify female carriers or patients for genetic counselling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory Acne and 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency in a Selected Group of Female Patients

Caputo¹,

Fiorella²,

Curiale³

et al. 2010

Dermatology

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“…In addition, the concordance rate for the prevalence and severity of acne among identical twins is very high. Variable studies have shown strong association between moderate to severe acne and family history [18]. However, because of the high prevalence of acne, it is difficult to attribute its presence only to genetic factors.…”

Section: Genetic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acne Vulgaris

Kutlubay¹,

Keçici²,

Engın³

et al. 2017

Acne and Acneiform Eruptions

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Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. The clinical picture can range from mild comedones to fulminant, scarring cases. Approximately 83-100% of all adolescents experience acne vulgaris at some point of their lives. Although acne often tends to resolve following the adolescent period, many men and women continue to suffer from either active acne or postinflammatory scars into their twenties and thirties. Most patients with acne vulgaris are in the complicated adolescence period and thus carry a distinctive psychosocial burden. They possess a disease stigma on their skin for the external world to criticize every day. For all these reasons, acne is a disease which should be treated promptly and efficiently in all age groups. This chapter will provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of pathophysiology of acne vulgaris, new molecular mechanisms on the evolving acne lesions, epidemiology of the disease, and latest treatment options. The molecular biology of acne lesions, novel treatment options including cosmetic approaches, their role in acne pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and mechanism of actions of the drugs, safety, and efficacy issues, and various treatment regimens will be discussed along with novel discoveries and areas in which further research is needed.

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“…In a large study including more than thousand adolescents, the prevalence of acne was found as high as 93.3% [8]. Symptoms and signs of acne are related to distended, inflamed, or scarred pilosebaceous units, mainly characterized by polymorphic lesions, that are most commonly seen on the face, back and the chest.…”

Section: Acne Vulgarismentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Acne

Mufaddel¹,

Elnour²,

Omer³

et al. 2017

OJPsych

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Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder which has a high prevalence among adolescents and young adults and can be associated with emotional and psychological burden on patients. This review aimed to explore psychological factors in patients with acne. Several forms of emotional distress and psychological complications can occur with acne. Such complications may be worse than the physical impact of the skin condition. Current literature suggests that skin changes in acne are associated with changed body image, psychological distress, anxiety, social phobia, suicidal ideation and depression. Population-based studies suggest a significant association between acne and mental distress among both male and female adolescents. Presence of psychological distress is related to severity of acne in some studies. However, other case-controlled studies suggest increased risk for psychological problems in patients with acne regardless of its severity. Stress is suspected to have a role in exacerbations of acne, and the quality of life (QoL) is affected particularly in cases with severe facial acne. Acne treatment can be associated with psychiatric side effects. Isotretinoin may be associated with depression and suicide attempts as shown in several studies but with conflicting results. On the other hand, psychotropic medications (such as antidepressants, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers) can also induce acne. The results of this review indicate the importance of vigilant psychiatric assessment for patients with acne, particularly those receiving isotretinoin, is needed for early diagnosis and treatment of the associated psychiatric co-morbidity.

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Prevalence, Severity, and Severity Risk Factors of Acne in High School Pupils: A Community-Based Study

Cited by 301 publications

References 43 publications

Refractory Acne and 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency in a Selected Group of Female Patients

Refractory Acne and 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency in a Selected Group of Female Patients

Acne Vulgaris

Psychiatric Comorbidity in Patients with Acne

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