Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

Kessler, Ronald C.; Chiu, Wai Tat; Demler, Olga V.; Walters, Ellen E.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617

Cited by 10,002 publications

(7,188 citation statements)

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“…The lifetime prevalence rate of PTSD was 4.0% and that of CPTSD was 3.3%. These lifetime rates are quite similar to those found for PTSD in other nationally representative US prevalence studies: the National Comorbidity Study (NCS) reported a lifetime PTSD estimate of 7.8% (Kessler, Sonnega, Bromet, Hughes, & Nelson, 1995) and the National Comorbidity Study replication (NCS-R) reported a lifetime estimate of 6.8% (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, & Walters, 2005). …”

Section: Icd-11 Ptsd and Cptsd Prevalence Rates And Correlates In A Usupporting

confidence: 81%

PTSD and Complex PTSD: ICD-11 updates on concept and measurement in the UK, USA, Germany and Lithuania

Karatzias

Cloitre

Maercker

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

161

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The 11th revision to the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) proposes two distinct sibling conditions: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD (CPTSD). In this paper, we aim to provide an update on the latest research regarding the conceptual structure and measurement of PTSD and CPTSD using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) as per ICD-11 proposals in the USA, UK, Germany and Lithuania. Preliminary findings suggest that CPTSD is common in clinical and population samples, although there may be variations across countries in prevalence rates. In clinical samples, preliminary evidence suggests that CPTSD is a more commonly observed condition than PTSD. Preliminary evidence also suggests that the ITQ scores are reliable and valid and can adequately distinguish between PTSD and CPTSD. Further cross-cultural work is proposed to explore differences in PTSD and CPTSD across different countries with regard to prevalence, incidence, and predictors of PTSD and CPTSD.

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Section: Icd-11 Ptsd and Cptsd Prevalence Rates And Correlates In A Usupporting

confidence: 81%

PTSD and Complex PTSD: ICD-11 updates on concept and measurement in the UK, USA, Germany and Lithuania

Karatzias

Cloitre

Maercker

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

161

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“…The death of a loved one can be a profoundly challenging life event, however disproportionately high levels of distress have been documented among those grieving a loss due to homicide, suicide, or fatal accident – collectively referred to as violent bereavement (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, & Walters, 2005; McDevitt-Murphy, Neimeyer, Burke, Williams, & Lawson, 2012). For example, Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), which is a protracted, clinically significant, and functionally impairing form of grief, is experienced by 10–15% of those grieving a non-violent death (Lundorff, Holmgren, Zachariae, Farver-Vestergaard, & O’Connor, 2017; Prigerson et al, 2009) as compared with 30–70% of those grieving a violent death (McDevitt-Murphy et al, 2012; Mitchell, Kim, Prigerson, & Mortimer-Stephens, 2004; Momartin, Silove, Manicavasagar, & Steel, 2004; Shear, Jackson, Essock, Donahue, & Felton, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged grief symptomatology following violent loss: the mediating role of meaning

Milman

Neimeyer

Fitzpatrick

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) is over-represented among those who have lost loved ones to violent causes. To tailor PGD interventions for this vulnerable population it is critical to examine the aetiology of PGD specifically in the context of violent death bereavement. Previous studies have suggested that violent loss increases symptoms of PGD by hindering the mourner’s ability to make meaning of the death or its aftermath. However, these studies have relied on cross sectional data that preclude genuine prediction and have not differentiated among specific themes of meaning. Objective: This study aimed to identify specific themes of meaning that mediate the detrimental impact of violent loss on subsequent emergence of PGD symptomatology among the violently bereft. Method: A longitudinal, prospective design (N = 171) was used to assess violent loss and themes of meaning an average of six months post-loss allowing for prediction of PGD symptoms an average of eight months later. Results: Violent loss had a significant indirect effect on PGD symptomatology when meaning themes focusing on sense of peace and continuing bonds served as mediators. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the mediating role that specific meaning themes play in the development of PGD symptomatology following violent loss. These findings highlight the potential benefits of applying a meaning-based intervention approach with the violently bereft.

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“…Depression is associated with substantial morbidity, heathcare cost, mortality and family burden (Kessler, 2012; Rush et al., 2006b), and affects 5% to 8% of the adult US population annually (Blazer, Kessler, McGonagle, & Swartz, 1994; Cepeda, Stang, & Makadia, 2016; Kessler, Chiu, Demler, Merikangas, & Walters, 2005; Pratt & Brody, 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding treatment-resistant depression in real-world data: How a data-driven approach compares with expert-based heuristics

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDepression that does not respond to antidepressants is treatment‐resistant depression (TRD). TRD definitions include assessments of treatment response, dose and duration, and implementing these definitions in claims databases can be challenging. We built a data‐driven TRD definition and evaluated its performance.MethodsWe included adults with depression, ≥1 antidepressant, and no diagnosis of mania, dementia, or psychosis. Subjects were stratified into those with and without proxy for TRD. Proxies for TRD were electroconvulsive therapy, deep brain, or vagus nerve stimulation. The index date for subjects with proxy for TRD was the procedure date, and for subjects without, the date of a randomly selected visit. We used three databases. We fit decision tree predictive models. We included number of distinct antidepressants, with and without adequate doses and duration, number of antipsychotics and psychotherapies, and expert‐based definitions, 3, 6, and 12 months before index date. To assess performance, we calculated area under the curve (AUC) and transportability.ResultsWe analyzed 33,336 subjects with no proxy for TRD, and 3,566 with the proxy. Number of antidepressants and antipsychotics were selected in all periods. The best model was at 12 months with an AUC = 0.81. The rule transported well and states that a subject with ≥1 antipsychotic or ≥3 antidepressants in the last year has TRD. Applying this rule, 15.8% of subjects treated for depression had TRD.ConclusionThe definition that best discriminates between subjects with and without TRD considers number of distinct antidepressants (≥3) or antipsychotics (≥1) in the last year.

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Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication

Abstract: Although mental disorders are widespread, serious cases are concentrated among a relatively small proportion of cases with high comorbidity.

Cited by 10,002 publications

References 44 publications

PTSD and Complex PTSD: ICD-11 updates on concept and measurement in the UK, USA, Germany and Lithuania

PTSD and Complex PTSD: ICD-11 updates on concept and measurement in the UK, USA, Germany and Lithuania

Prolonged grief symptomatology following violent loss: the mediating role of meaning

Finding treatment-resistant depression in real-world data: How a data-driven approach compares with expert-based heuristics

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