Prevalence risk of sarcopenia in older Brazilian adults during the pandemic: A cross-sectional analysis of the Remobilize Study

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Social distancing has led to lifestyle changes among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence risk of sarcopenia (RS) and investigate its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in older Brazilian adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational analysis of baseline data as part of the Remobilize Study. METHODS: Participants in the study were older adults (≥ 60 years), excluding those who were bedridden or institutionalized. The data collected consisted of answers about the RS (SARC-F), functional status, walking, sedentary behavior (SB), pain, comorbidity, and life space mobility. RESULTS: A total of 1,482 older adults (70 ± 8.14 years, 74% women) participated in the study, and an RS prevalence of 17.1% was found. (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.25-19.15%). The adjusted multivariate model showed a significant association between RS and functional limitation (odds ratio [OR]:

The association between sedentary behaviour and sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The proportion of male and female participants in the total included sample were 45.6% and 54.4% respectively. In terms of the targeted population, 14 studies included community populations [ 8 , 10 , 21 , 22 , 32 , 42 – 48 , 50 , 51 ], and three studies [ 30 , 31 , 49 ] recruited residents living in long-term care facilities. Regarding sarcopenia diagnostic criteria, nine studies [ 10 , 21 , 30 – 32 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 48 ] used the EWGSOP criteria [ 34 ], three studies [ 22 , 44 , 49 ] used EWGSOP2 criteria [ 9 ], and the remaining four articles diagnosed sarcopenia separately using the SARC-F questionnaire (n = 2) [ 47 , 50 ], the AWGS criteria (n = 2) [ 46 , 51 ] or FNIH criteria (n = 1) [ 8 ].…”

“…In terms of the targeted population, 14 studies included community populations [ 8 , 10 , 21 , 22 , 32 , 42 – 48 , 50 , 51 ], and three studies [ 30 , 31 , 49 ] recruited residents living in long-term care facilities. Regarding sarcopenia diagnostic criteria, nine studies [ 10 , 21 , 30 – 32 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 48 ] used the EWGSOP criteria [ 34 ], three studies [ 22 , 44 , 49 ] used EWGSOP2 criteria [ 9 ], and the remaining four articles diagnosed sarcopenia separately using the SARC-F questionnaire (n = 2) [ 47 , 50 ], the AWGS criteria (n = 2) [ 46 , 51 ] or FNIH criteria (n = 1) [ 8 ]. For the measurement of skeletal muscle mass, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (n = 5) [ 8 , 22 , 32 , 43 , 48 ], bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (n = 6) [ 30 , 31 , 44 , 46 , 49 , 51 ], and anthropometrics and equations (n = 4) [ 10 , 21 , 42 , 45 ] were used.…”

“…For the measurement of skeletal muscle mass, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (n = 5) [ 8 , 22 , 32 , 43 , 48 ], bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (n = 6) [ 30 , 31 , 44 , 46 , 49 , 51 ], and anthropometrics and equations (n = 4) [ 10 , 21 , 42 , 45 ] were used. Another two studies [ 47 , 50 ] used SARC-F questionnaire to diagnose sarcopenia without a direct measurement of skeletal muscle mass. For measurement of skeletal muscle strength, hand grip strength (HGS) were used in most of the included studies except one study using leg muscle strength [ 32 ] and two studies not measuring this aspect [ 47 , 50 ].…”

“…Another two studies [ 47 , 50 ] used SARC-F questionnaire to diagnose sarcopenia without a direct measurement of skeletal muscle mass. For measurement of skeletal muscle strength, hand grip strength (HGS) were used in most of the included studies except one study using leg muscle strength [ 32 ] and two studies not measuring this aspect [ 47 , 50 ]. The assessment tools for sedentary behaviour were mainly self-reported questionnaires (n = 12) [ 10 , 30 – 32 , 42 , 43 , 45 – 48 , 50 , 51 ], such as the International Physical Activity Questionnaire [ 52 ] (IPAQ) [ 30 , 31 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 48 ], and five studies adopted objective measurement of physical activity by using ActiGraph accelerometer [ 8 , 21 , 22 , 44 , 49 ].…”

“…Fourteen cross-sectional studies [ 8 , 10 , 21 , 30 – 32 , 43 – 47 , 49 – 51 ] with a total of 21,989 participants were pooled in the meta-analysis. In five studies [ 10 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 51 ] that grouped participants according to sedentary time in several categories, OR values from the group with the longest sedentary time were used. After adjusting for confounders including sex, age, BMI, education, physical activity, chronic diseases, etc., the pooled adjusted OR value of the association between sedentary behaviour and sarcopenia extracting from 14 articles [ 8 , 10 , 21 , 30 – 32 , 43 – 47 , 49 – 51 ] was 1.36 (95%CI, 1.18–1.58).…”