Prevalence, risk factors, and self-awareness for hypertension and diabetes: rural–urban and male–female dimensions from a cross-sectional study in Ghana

Ellahi, Basma; Dikmen, Derya; Seyhan-Erdoğan, Bilge; Karabulut, Omer Faruk; Aitken, Amanda; Agbozo, Faith

doi:10.1007/s13410-022-01141-9

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This prevalence compares to that of a community based study conducted in Kirinyaga county among study participants who were aged between 18 and 65 years which estimated the prevalence of hypertension in the county at 29% [15]. Similarly, the findings compare to other studies done in countries across sub Saharan Africa, such Ghana with a prevalence of 36.8% [16], South Africa national prevalence of 30.4% [17], Tanzania 29.2% [18], Botswana 30% [19], and Nigeria with pooled prevalence of 30.6% [20]. However, the prevalence is higher than that of the 2015 Stepwise national survey that estimated a national prevalence of 24.5% [4,21] and that of a population based household survey in a low income informal settlement in Nairobi which showed a prevalence of 22.8% [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Prevalence of hypertension and associated behavioural risk factors among low income adults in Kiambu County, Kenya

Ndithia,

Mbuthia,

Nyangechi

2024

Med-Science

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Hypertension is one of the critical risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and a leading risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature death. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and quantify related behavioural risk factors in Kiambu County, Kenya. A cross-sectional study design was used, and data were collected using adapted WHO stepwise questionnaire. A total of 310 participants took part in the study. Majority, (76%) were females and participants’ mean age was 45.3 years. Results showed 31% of participants had hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥140 and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg). Social-demographic characteristics associated with hypertension included male gender (AOR=2.33; 95% CI 1.09-4.99), older age groups (AOR=3.1-11.3 p<0.05) and history of hypertension (AOR=10.59; 95% CI 5.06-22.13). behavioural factors associated with hypertension were, alcohol consumption (AOR=3.3; 95% CI 1.66-6.57), being overweight (AOR=5.4; 95% CI 2.91-10.01) and obese (AOR=13.4; 95% CI 5.21-34.26). Eating fruits daily (AOR=0.5; 95% CI 0.25-0.96), being physically active (AOR=0.51; 95% CI 0.28-0.90) and rarely adding raw salt to cooked food (AOR=0.19; 95% CI 0.07-0.51) were associated with reduced odds of being hypertensive. In conclusion, the prevalence of hypertension was high at 31% and was associated with modifiable behavioural factors. Lifestyle factors associated with increased odds of being hypertensive were alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and being obese. Eating fruits daily and avoiding raw salt were protective dietary practices against hypertension. Targeted intervention measures focused on healthy diet and healthy lifestyle choices for control of blood pressure such physical activity and avoiding alcohol consumption are recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 46%

Prevalence of hypertension and associated behavioural risk factors among low income adults in Kiambu County, Kenya

Ndithia,

Mbuthia,

Nyangechi

2024

Med-Science

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“…Notably, most of the extracted studies were carried out in Ashanti region (n = 14), followed by Volta (n = 4) [ 28 – 31 ], Greater Accra (n = 3) [ 32 – 34 ], Central (n = 1) [ 35 ], Northern (n = 1) [ 36 ] and Brong Ahafo (n = 1) [ 37 ]. Four studies were carried out in more than one region while five studies took a whole country perspective [ 24 – 26 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiological and economic burden of diabetes in Ghana: A scoping review to inform health technology assessment

Kazibwe,

Gad,

Abassah-Konadu

et al. 2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Diabetes remains one of the four major causes of morbidity and mortality globally among non-communicable diseases (NCDs. It is predicted to increase in sub–Saharan Africa by over 50% by 2045. The aim of this study is to identify, map and estimate the burden of diabetes in Ghana, which is essential for optimising NCD country policy and understanding existing knowledge gaps to guide future research in this area. We followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews. We searched electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and African Index Medicus following a systematic search strategy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews was followed when reporting the results. A total of 36 studies were found to fulfil the inclusion criteria. The reported prevalence of diabetes at national level in Ghana ranged between 2.80%– 3.95%. At the regional level, the Western region reported the highest prevalence of diabetes: 39.80%, followed by Ashanti region (25.20%) and Central region at 24.60%. The prevalence of diabetes was generally higher in women in comparison to men. Urban areas were found to have a higher prevalence of diabetes than rural areas. The mean annual financial cost of managing one diabetic case at the outpatient clinic was estimated at GHS 540.35 (2021 US $194.09). There was a paucity of evidence on the overall economic burden and the regional prevalence burden. Ghana is faced with a considerable burden of diabetes which varies by region and setting (urban/rural). There is an urgent need for effective and efficient interventions to prevent the anticipated elevation in burden of disease through the utilisation of existing evidence and proven priority-setting tools like Health Technology Assessment (HTA).

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“…Notably, most of the extracted studies were carried out in Ashanti region (n=14), followed by Volta (n=4) [26][27][28][29] , Greater Accra (n=3) [30][31][32] , Central (n=1) 33 , Northern (n=1) 34 and Brong Ahafo (n=1) 35 . Four studies were carried out in more than one region while five studies took a whole country perspective [22][23][24]36,37…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiological and Economic Burden of Diabetes in Ghana: A Scoping Review to Inform Health Technology Assessment

Kazibwe

Gad

Abassah-Konadu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction Diabetes remains one of the four major causes of morbidity and mortality globally among non-communicable diseases (NCDs. It is predicted to increase in sub–Saharan Africa by over 50% by 2045. The aim of this study is to identify, map and estimate the burden of diabetes in Ghana, which is essential for optimising NCD country policy and understanding existing knowledge gaps to guide future research in this area. Methods We followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews. We searched electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane and African Index Medicus following a systematic search strategy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews was followed when reporting the results. Results A total of 36 studies were found to fulfil the inclusion criteria. The reported prevalence of diabetes at national level in Ghana ranged between 2.80% – 3.95%. At the regional level, the Western region reported the highest prevalence of diabetes: 39.80%, followed by Ashanti region (25.20%) and Central region at 24.60%. The prevalence of diabetes was generally higher in women in comparison to men. Urban areas were found to have a higher prevalence of diabetes than rural areas. The mean annual financial cost of managing one diabetic case at the outpatient clinic was estimated at GHS 540.35 (2021 US $194.09). There was a paucity of evidence on the overall economic burden and the regional prevalence burden. Conclusion Ghana is faced with a considerable burden of diabetes which varies by region and setting (urban/rural). There is an urgent need for effective and efficient interventions to prevent the anticipated elevation in burden of disease through the utilisation of existing evidence and proven priority-setting tools like Health Technology Assessment (HTA).

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Prevalence, risk factors, and self-awareness for hypertension and diabetes: rural–urban and male–female dimensions from a cross-sectional study in Ghana

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence of hypertension and associated behavioural risk factors among low income adults in Kiambu County, Kenya

Prevalence of hypertension and associated behavioural risk factors among low income adults in Kiambu County, Kenya

The epidemiological and economic burden of diabetes in Ghana: A scoping review to inform health technology assessment

The Epidemiological and Economic Burden of Diabetes in Ghana: A Scoping Review to Inform Health Technology Assessment

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