Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcome of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes at the Bamenda Regional Hospital

Abstract

Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. It is one of the leading identifiable cause of preterm deliveries, and an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PPROM, to identify its associated factors and to evaluate the early outcome (within 72 hrs after delivery) following PPROM at the Bamenda Regional Hospital (BRH). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March and April 2020. Three hundred and eighty-seven women who delivered at the labour room of the BRH were included in this study. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain data. The cases of PPROM were women who had lost amniotic fluid continuously before hospitalisation and whose gestational age was between 28 weeks + 0 days and 36 weeks + 6 days. Descriptive statistics followed by logistic regression analyses were conducted with level of significance set at p-value <0.05. Results: Among the 387 participants included in the study, 19 had PPROM giving a prevalence of 4.91%. Of 57 preterm deliveries, PPROM accounted for 33.33% (n = 19). The statistically significant independent factors associated with lower odds of PPROM were the age groups 20-29 years (aOR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01-0.42, p = 0.003) and ≥30 years (aOR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.001-0.14, p = 0.001), and attending ANC ≥ 4 times (aOR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.06-0.84, p = 0.026). Whereas, having a multiple pregnancy (aOR = 39.72, 95% CI: 7.19-219.33, p < 0.001), urinary tract infection during pregnancy (aOR = 104.86, 95% CI:

Prevalence of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Admitted To Health Facilities in Ambotown, Ethiopia, 2021.

“…The questionnaire was initially prepared in English version by reviewing different related literature (5,(10)(11)(12)(13). Then the questionnaire translated to Afan Oromo an area language and then translated back to English by language experts by maintaining consistency.…”

“…This uid is important for nutrition, in defending the fetus against infection, fetal trauma, and compression of the umbilical cord (1).The magnitude of PPROM differs across the worldfrom country to country and the population.For instances evidences shows that PPROM accounts 2.2% in Manipur, India, 3.1% in Brazil, 2.3% in Canada, 19.2% in China, 3.3% in Nigeria and 7.5% in Uganda (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). In Ethiopia According to research conducted at Debre Tabor and Tikur Anbesa hospital, the prevalence of PPROM was 13.67% and 1.4% respectively (10)(11)(12).Even though the exact cause of PPROM is unknown; a structural defect in the membrane, maternal ethnic origin, previous preterm delivery, intrauterine infection at an early gestational age, low socioeconomic status of the women, inadequate prenatal care, smoking, UTI during pregnancy, maternal nutritional status, abnormal vaginal discharge, and maternal depression are considered as risk factors (13). The effect of PPROM ranges from maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality (14).It complicates 3-4.5% of pregnancies worldwide (4,15).…”

“…The effect of PPROM ranges from maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality (14).It complicates 3-4.5% of pregnancies worldwide (4,15). Among women with preterm PROM, clinically evident intra-amniotic infection occurs in approximately 15-25%, and postpartum infection occurs in approximately 15-20% of the cases (16).The incidence of infection is higher at earlier gestational ages, and life-threatening maternal infections complicate expectant management of prevailed PROM (13,17). The primary complication for the mother is infection which can leads to chorioamnionitis, placental abruption, psychological effect, lactation problem, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, metritis after delivery, increase the need for operative deliveryand economic and resource wastage (18).…”

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Premature Rupture of Membranes in Denpasar Bali

“…Knowing the risk factors for PROM will increase the ability to predict the possibility of PROM so that it guides efforts to prevent complications. (18)…”

Determinants for perinatal adverse outcomes among pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membrane: A prospective cohort study

“…Premature rupture is also common among pregnant women with previous preterm premature rupture of membrane (PROM), previous preterm delivery, history of cigarette smoking, bleeding during pregnancy, and genitourinary infections ( 2 , 3 ). It is one of the most common pregnancy complications ( 4 ).…”