Prevalence, risk factors and impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: A population-based study in South China

Chen, Minhu; Xiong, Liang; Chen, Huixin; An, Xiaobo; He, Longjun; Hu, Pinjin

doi:10.1080/00365520510015610

Cited by 96 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Between April and November of 2005, a crosssectional survey with multiple-stage stratified cluster and random sampling was performed on the basis of a previous analysis of the population distribution in this province [6,7] . In order to represent the data in general population, sampling clusters were randomly drawn from urban and rural areas all over the province.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of fatty liver disease and its risk factors in the population of South China

Zhou

Li²,

Nie³

et al. 2007

WJG

175

129

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AIM:To investigate the population-based prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and its risk factors in Guangdong Province, China. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey with multiple-stage stratified cluster and random sampling of inhabitants over 7-year-old was performed in 6 urban and rural areas of Guangdong Province, China. Questionnaires, designed by co-working of epidemiologists and hepatologists, included demographic characteristics, current medication use, medical history and health-relevant behaviors, i.e., alcohol consumption, smoking habits, dietary habits and physical activities. Anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests and abdominal ultrasonography were carried out. RESULTS:Among the 3543 subjects, 609 (17.2%) were diagnosed having FLD (18.0% males, 16.7% females, P > 0.05). Among them, the prevalence of confirmed alcoholic liver disease (ALD), suspected ALD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were 0.4%, 1.8%, and 15.0%, respectively. The prevalence rate (23.0%) was significantly higher in urban areas than (12.9%) in rural areas. After adjustment for age, gender and residency, the standardized prevalence of FLD in adults was 14.5%. Among them, confirmed ALD, suspected ALD and NAFLD were 0.5%, 2.3%, and 11.7%, respectively, in adults and 1.3% (all NAFLD) in children at the age of 7-18 years. The overall prevalence of FLD increased with age in both genders to the peak of 27.4% in the group of subjects at the age of 60-70 years. The prevalence rate was significantly higher in men than in women under the age of 50 years (22.4% vs 7.1%, P < 0.001). However, the opposite phenomenon was found over the age of 50 years (20.6% vs 27.6%, P < 0.05). Multivariate and logistic regression analysis indicated that male gender, urban residency, low education, high blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, serum triglyceride and glucose levels were the risk factors for FLD.CONCLUSION: FLD, especially NAFLD, is prevalent in South China. There are many risk factors for FLD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of fatty liver disease and its risk factors in the population of South China

Zhou

Li²,

Nie³

et al. 2007

WJG

175

129

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show abstract

“…The diagnosis and treatment of GERD are therefore, important because the disease, in addition to the highly disturbing typical symptoms, has a series of known consequences. The presence of GERD may affect the patients' quality of life [4] , decrease functional activity [5] , increase the economic burden [6] and the risk of esophageal carcinoma in the cases of Barrett's esophagus [7] . With an emphasis on morphological diagnosis, endoscopy has become a major tool to assess the final consequences of GERD, which is especially useful for population-based screening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease, reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease among Chinese patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination

Juan¹,

Du²,

Jiang³

et al. 2007

WJG

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AIM:To analyze the spectrum and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) based on presenting symptoms and endoscopic findings. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey in a cluster random sample was conducted from November 2004 to June 2005 using a validated Chinese version Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ) and other items recording the demographic characteristics and potential risk factors for GERD. Subjects were defined as having GERD symptoms according to the RDQ score (> 12). All subjects were endoscopied and the definition and severity of erosive esophagitis were evaluated by Los Angeles classification. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS13.0 programs. RESULTS:Of 2231 recruited participants, 701 (31.40%) patients were diagnosed as having GERD while 464 (20.80%) patients had objective findings of reflux esophagitis (RE). Of those 464 patients, only 291 (13.00%) were reported as subjects with GERD symptoms. A total of 528 (23.70%) patients were found to have GERD symptoms, including 19.50% patients with grade A or B reflux esophagitis, 0.90% with grade C and 0.40% with grade D. On multivariate analysis, old age, male, moderate working burden, divorced/widowed and strong tea drinking remained as significant independent risk factors for erosive esophagitis. Meanwhile, routine usage of greasy food and constipation were considered as significant independent risk factors for non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). CONCLUSION:GERD is one of the common GI diseases with a high occurrence rate in China and its main associated factors include sex, anthropometrical variables and sociopsychological characteristics.

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“…24 A study performed in South China also did not show difference in age-adjusted prevalence of GERD symptoms either between males and females (2.6% vs 2.4%). 25 …”

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confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Kim

2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

117

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It is important to understand sex and gender-related differences in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) because gender-related biologic factors might lead to better prevention and therapy. Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) affects more women than men. GERD symptoms are more frequent in patients with NERD than in those with reflux esophagitis. However, men suffer pathologic diseases such as reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) more frequently than women. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis is significantly increased with age in women, especially after their 50s. The mean age of EAC incidence in women is higher than in men, suggesting a role of estrogen in delaying the onset of BE and EAC. In a chronic rat reflux esophagitis model, nitric oxide was found to be an aggravating factor of esophageal injury in a male-predominant way. In addition, the expression of esophageal occludin, a tight junction protein that plays an important role in the esophageal defense mechanism, was up-regulated in women. This explains the male predominance of reflux esophagitis and delayed incidence of BE or EAC in women. Moreover, the symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and extra-esophageal symptoms have been more frequently reported by women than by men, suggesting that sex and gender play a role in symptom perception. Differential sensitivity with augmented symptoms in women might have diagnostic and therapeutic influence. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy has a protective effect against esophageal cancer. However, an anti-inflammatory role of estrogen remains compelling, which means further study is necessary in this area.

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Prevalence, risk factors and impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: A population-based study in South China

Abstract: The prevalence of GERD symptoms in South China was much lower than that reported in Western countries. GERD had a negative impact on quality of life.

Cited by 96 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence of fatty liver disease and its risk factors in the population of South China

Prevalence of fatty liver disease and its risk factors in the population of South China

Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease, reflux esophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease among Chinese patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination

Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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