Prevalence, risk factors, and identification of Salmonella spp. in stray dogs of northwest Mexico

Castro, Karla M. Núñez; Muñoz, Enrique Trasviña; García, Gerardo F.; Ramírez, Juan José; López-Valencia, Gilberto; Basulto, Gerardo Enrique Medina; Manríquez, Lourdes Carolina Pujol; Evangelista, Tomás Benjamín Rentería

doi:10.4067/s0719-81322019000100107

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Furthermore, Sultan et al [ 38 ] and Kiflu et al [ 15 ] reported insignificant difference in the prevalence of Salmonella between age groups examined. In contrary to our finding, Núñez-Castro et al [ 61 ] from Mexico reported that dogs under 1 year are more likely to acquire Salmonella than dogs older than 1 year, while Zewdu et al [ 39 ] from Ethiopia reported that older dogs harbor more Salmonella than younger dogs. Often it is difficult to compare different findings, because different age profiles are seen in different studies and it is confounded by differences in sampled population lifestyles and owners dog caring practices.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and risk factors assessment of non-typhoidal Salmonella from apparently healthy and diarrheic dogs

et al. 2022

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Background Dogs are one of the important asymptomatic carriers of antimicrobial resistant and potentially pathogenic strains of Salmonella. They can harbor large bacterial load in the intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes which can be shed in their feces with the possibility of transmission to humans. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted with the objectives of estimating the prevalence of non-typhoidal Salmonella, assessing the risk factors for dog’s Salmonella carriage, and profiling the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella isolates among housed dogs in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 415 rectal swab samples were collected from randomly selected dogs. Samples were examined for non-typhoidal Salmonella using standard bacteriologic culture and biochemical tests. The disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test) was employed to evaluate the isolates for their susceptibility against five antimicrobials. Results Non-typhoidal Salmonella were isolated from 26 (6.3%) of the rectal swab samples, with significantly higher occurrence in diarrheic (15.2%) than non-diarrheic (5.5%) dogs. The risk of Salmonella harboring was significantly higher in female dogs than in male dogs (OR = 2.5, p = 0.027). Dogs fecal shedding of Salmonella was relatively higher in households who used offal as a main feed type for their dogs (23.1%; 95% CI = 5–53.8) than those who used leftover food (10.1%; 95% CI = 5.7–16.1) and practiced mixed feeding system (17%; 95% CI = 7.6–30.8). Salmonella isolates showed higher resistance to ampicillin (41.7%), while all isolates were fully susceptible to gentamicin. Moreover, 58.3% of Salmonella isolates showed resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. Majorities (72.7%) of the dog owners had no awareness on the risk of zoonotic salmonellosis from dog and all of the respondents use bare hand to clean dog kennel. Conclusion Our study reveals the importance of both diarrheic and apparently healthy housed dogs in the harboring and shedding of antimicrobial resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella. The risk of non-typhoidal Salmonella spread among pet owners is not negligible, especially in households who use offal as main feed type. Therefore, an integrated approach such as: proper dog handling practices; continuous evaluation of antimicrobial resistance; and rational use of antimicrobials in the field of veterinary sector are necessary to tackle the problem.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and risk factors assessment of non-typhoidal Salmonella from apparently healthy and diarrheic dogs

et al. 2022

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“…In this study, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in dogs was relatively higher than what was reported by Núñez Castro et al [34] (6.27%) and Bataller et al [35] (1.85%). The differences could be because both studies sampled healthy dogs, whereas, in this study, both healthy and unhealthy dogs were sampled.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

“…In this study, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in dogs was relatively higher than what was reported by Núñez Castro et al [34] (6.27%) and Bataller et al [35] (1.85%).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Staphylococcal and Non-typhoidalSalmonellainfection statuses in non-human mammals: A potential source of zoonoses in the Greater Accra region of Ghana

Amoah,

Ameade,

Yeboah-Ofori

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Bacterial zoonoses are readily transmitted from animals to humans and are thrice more likely to lead to emerging or re-emerging diseases. In Ghana, there is a paucity of animal-related bacterial infection surveillance data, significantly affecting how such diseases are accurately targeted for prevention or control. This study sought to investigate the prevalence of two important bacterial infections in some common animals found in two human-dominated landscapes and ascertain if their prevalence was of imminent public health concern. In most Ghanaian communities, dogs, cats and rodents are non-human mammals that are frequently in contact with humans. As such, they were targeted during this cross-sectional study. Methods: Biological samples collected from animals in households and veterinary institutions were processed using molecular techniques targeting Staphylococcus and Non-typhoidal Salmonella species. Additionally, medical records were sourced from three (3) major health institutions to determine if cases of bacterial zoonoses were of imminent concern. Results: Overall, the prevalence of staphylococcal and Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections were 72.5% and 22.8%, respectively. More animals from the urban areas tested positive for Staphylococcal (χ2=5.721 p=0.017) and Non-typhoidal Salmonella (χ2=16.151 p < 0.001) infections compared to those from the peri-urban areas. The medical records also revealed that relatively higher cases of staphylococcal infections were reported within three years (2018-2020), although no significant differences were observed between the urban and peri-urban areas. Conclusion: The high prevalence of staphylococcal infections in animals and the high number of hospital cases suggest increased exposure to this bacteria and a higher risk of persons residing in these areas to bacterial zoonoses. Data from the study also suggest that rodents are actively and inactively maintaining the cycle of these two bacterial species and as such, a source of concern. Findings underscore the need for active surveillance of bacterial species with zoonotic potential in non-human mammals regularly found in communities, which is fundamental to developing appropriate disease control strategies.

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“…Results concurred with another study reporting the isolation of Salmonella Choleraesuis ssp. arizonae from stray dogs in urban areas of Northwest Mexico [40]. These observations underline that dogs serve as reservoirs of virulent Salmonella that can spread to other animals as well as humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinically healthy household dogs and cats as carriers of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica with variable R plasmids

Chantharothaiphaichit

Phongaran

Angkittitrakul

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a One Health issue concerning humans, animals and the environment and a unified One Health approach is required to contain this problematic issue. Dogs and cats are popular pet animals and are known to carry many bacterial pathogens that are of public health importance, including Salmonella . However, data on AMR in companion animals is limited. Gap statement. Scant AMR data from bacteria originating from companion animals limits an accurate assessment of the impacts of pet-animal-related AMR on public health. Purpose. This study aimed to phenotypically and genetically investigate AMR in Salmonella isolated from pet dogs and cats in Thailand. Methodology. Salmonella enterica were isolated from pet dogs (n=159) and cats (n=19) in Thailand between 2016 and 2019. All isolates were serotyped. Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance was examined. PCR-based replicon typing, replicon sequence typing and plasmid multilocus sequence typing were conducted to characterize plasmids. Results. Seventy-seven serovars were identified, with serovars Weltevreden (9.6%) and Stockholm (9.0%) the most common. Most of the isolates (34.3%) were multidrug-resistant. The serovar Stockholm was an ESBL-producer and carried the β-lactamase genes bla TEM-1 and bla CTX-M-55. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene, qnrS, was also detected (10.1%). Class 1 integrons carrying the dfrA12-aadA2 cassette array were most frequent (45.9%). Five plasmid replicon types as IncA/C (0.6%), N (1.1%), IncFIIA (28.7%), IncHI1 (2.2%), and IncI1 (3.4%) were identified. Based on the pMLST typing scheme (n=9), plasmids were assigned into five different STs including IncA/C-ST6 (n=1), IncH1-ST16 (n=4), IncI1-ST3 (n=1), IncI1-ST60 (n=1) and IncI1-ST136 (n=1). The ST 16 of IncHI1 plasmid was a novel plasmid ST. Subtyping F-type plasmids using the RST scheme (n=9) revealed four different combinations of replicons including S1:A-:B- (n=4), S1:A-:B22 (n=2), S3:A-:B- (n=1) and S-:A-:B47 (n=1). Conclusions. Our findings highlight the role of clinically healthy household dogs and cats as carriers of AMR Salmonella strains with different R plasmid. The implementation of AMR phenotypes instigation and genotypic monitoring and surveillance programmes in companion animals are imperative as integral components of the One Health framework.

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Prevalence, risk factors, and identification of Salmonella spp. in stray dogs of northwest Mexico

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and risk factors assessment of non-typhoidal Salmonella from apparently healthy and diarrheic dogs

Isolation, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and risk factors assessment of non-typhoidal Salmonella from apparently healthy and diarrheic dogs

Staphylococcal and Non-typhoidalSalmonellainfection statuses in non-human mammals: A potential source of zoonoses in the Greater Accra region of Ghana

Clinically healthy household dogs and cats as carriers of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica with variable R plasmids

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