Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in Food Animals and Humans (2000–2017) From China

Dong, Hui; Su, Ruijing; Lu, Yaoyao; Wang, Mengyao; Liu, Jing; Jian, Fuchun; Yang, Yurong

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02108

Cited by 95 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The seroprevalence of T. gondii based on screening swine was 11.6% worldwide [1], and 32.9% for China [4]. In this study, 9.94% of the examined swine samples were found to be seropositive for T. gondii infection, which is lower than that of the rest of the world as well as China's average infection rate.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 50%

“…The overall estimated seroprevalence for T. gondii in swine is 32.9% from published papers of 2000-2017 in China, and T. gondii strains have been isolated from swine and genotyped as ToxoDB#9, ToxoDB#3, and ToxoDB#1 [3][4]. Overall, the infection of T. gondii in swine samples from hospitals is higher than that of farms and slaughterhouses [4]. This phenomenon suggests that T. gondii infection may be beneficial for subsequent infection by other pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon suggests that T. gondii infection may be beneficial for subsequent infection by other pathogens. Few clinical toxoplasmosis in pregnant sows and in fattening swine was reported [4]. Young swine may die from toxoplasmosis without entering the human food chain, however, most T. gondii infection in swine was subclinical, and thereby the pork could serve as a source of human infection [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pork from slaughter houses in the central of China

Jiang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is widely distributed and can infect many species of warm-blooded animals , including swine. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii infection in pork from the cent er of China. A total of 2 798 samples, including 305 hearts, 2086 diaphragm s , and 4 0 7 sera were collected from Henan Province, China . The modified agglutination test was used to detect antibodies against T. gondii in ser a from jugular vein blood and heart blood (cut-off: 1:25) , diaphragm exudate (cut-off: 1:10) . T. gondii DNA was screened from the digestive juice of all diaphragm tissue samples , and attempt to isolate viable T. gondii strain by bioassay in mice.Results: A total of 9.94% (278/2798) swine showed sera conversion of T. gondii antibodies. Region , but not gender , was associated with T. gondi infection in swine. T. gondii nucleic acid w as not found in the meat digestive juice s ( 2090 swine ) . Three groups of mice showed T. gondii antibodies after having been bioassayed with diaphragm samples (3/81). Unfortunately, no viable T. gondii strain was isolated from pork.Conclusions : This is the first large-scale survey T. gondi infection in pork from central China. Overall, the prevalence of viable T. gondii in pork was extremely low. Nevertheless, T. gondi i infection is present in swine from center China. Consumers could acquire T. gondii infection from ingestion of raw or undercooked pork.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pork from slaughter houses in the central of China

Jiang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Reports regarding the seroprevalence of T. gondii in servals are limited in the world, including China (Sedlak & Bartova, ; Silva et al, ; Spencer et al, ; Thiangtum et al, ). The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in cattle and swine in China is 9.1% and 32.9%, respectively (Dong et al, ). Although we were unable to determine how and when T. gondii infection occurred for this serval, a raw beef and pork diet, which might have contained viable cysts, is a possible source of T. gondii infection for this serval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, genotyping and pathogenicity of a Toxoplasma gondii strain isolated from a Serval ( Leptailurus serval ) in China

Dong

Li³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Toxoplasma gondii typically causes lifelong chronic infection and has been identified in a variety of intermediate and definitive hosts. Felids are capable of serving as both intermediate and definite hosts for T. gondii infection. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that servals are the intermediate host of T. gondii. In this study, T. gondii antibodies were detected in a serval by a modified agglutination test (titer, 1:200). Viable T. gondii was isolated from the striated muscles of the serval. This strain was further propagated in cell culture and designated as TgServalCHn1. Genetic characterization of DNA derived from cell culture was performed by RFLP‐PCR of 10 markers, as well as polymorphic ROP5 and ROP18 genes. Results showed that this strain of T. gondii belonged to the genotype ToxoDB#20. The ROP5 allele 4 and ROP18 allele 3 suggested that this strain was avirulent, which was further supported by infection in mice. Encephalitis, immune organ necrosis and focal mononuclear cell infiltration in multiple organs were the main pathology characteristics observed in BALB/C mice infected with the TgServalCHn1 strain. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the isolation of T. gondii from a serval, which gives direct evidence for servals serving as an intermediate host of T. gondii. The genotyping results revealed the presence of genotype ToxoDB#20 in central China, enriching the scope of the distribution of T. gondii genotypes in Asia.

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“…Furthermore, there is no strict data about the role of season and age of animals in the incidence of T. gondii. Some scarce reports disclosed that season and age may affect the incidence of toxoplasmosis [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and Age Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Naturally Infected Animal Species and Dairy Samples

2020

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RIMARY infection by Toxoplasma gondii is habitually food borne and ingestion of foods with animal origins is measured as a risk factor. The current survey was performed to assess the seasonal and age distribution of T. gondii in diverse kinds of raw milk and traditional dairy products. Three-hundred and seventy raw milk and traditional dairy samples were collected and subjected to DNA extraction. B1 specific gene of T. gondii was perceived by means of the molecular technique. Eighteen out of 370 (4.86%) studied samples were positive for T. gondii. Molecular incidence of T. gondii in raw milk was 6.08%. T. gondii was also perceived in 2.85% of studied traditional dairy samples, respectively. Sheep milk (10%) and cheese (6.66%) had the uppermost molecular incidence of parasite. Molecular incidence of T. gondii in raw camel milk and cream and butter samples were 3.33%, 5% and 5%, respectively. Samples which were collected through autumn (15.55%) and summer (9.37%) seasons had the maximum molecular incidence of T. gondii. Raw milk samples of older than 4 years animal species (11.39%) had the maximum molecular incidence of T. gondii. The existingsurvey is the first report of seasonal and age distribution of T. gondii in diverse kinds of dairy samples. Raw sheep, goat, buffalo, bovine and camel milk and also traditional cheese, cream and butter dairy samples may harbor T. gondii infection. Seasonal and senile distribution should be measured for molecular incidence of T. gondii in milk of primary infected animals and also traditional dairy products.

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Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii in Food Animals and Humans (2000–2017) From China

Cited by 95 publications

References 70 publications

Low prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pork from slaughter houses in the central of China

Low prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pork from slaughter houses in the central of China

Isolation, genotyping and pathogenicity of a Toxoplasma gondii strain isolated from a Serval ( Leptailurus serval ) in China

Seasonal and Age Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in Milk of Naturally Infected Animal Species and Dairy Samples

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