Prevalence Rate and Risk Factors of Victimization in Adult Patients With a Psychotic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Vries, Bertine de; Busschbach, Jooske T. van; Stouwe, Elisabeth C. D. van der; Alemán, André; Dijk, J.J.M. van; Lysaker, Paul H.; Arends, Johan; Nijman, Saskia Anne; Pijnenborg, Gerdina

doi:10.1093/schbul/sby020

Cited by 90 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…Restless, pacing behavior and invasion of personal space is rarely formally assessed on wards, but may well constitute a risk factor for being attacked in clinical settings. Elevated mood can contribute to the invasion of personal space, and limit a patient's ability to take precautions, consistent with some evidence in those with a psychotic diagnosis . Cognitive measures are correlated with victimization risk in the general population .…”

Section: Assessment Of Patients Who Have Experienced Physical Violencesupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Disorganized thinking may make it harder for a patient to express their needs and safely manage relationships, leading to disagreements and potentially violence exposure. Delusions that involve specific people do not only increase violence to that person, but could also augur future exposure from that person, particularly if they themselves are vulnerable but consider themselves invulnerable; therefore, grandiose ideation and odd beliefs involving specific other people should be carefully assessed as possible vulnerability factors . Disoriented or distracted behavior due to hallucinations makes individuals behave very differently, and difference in particular settings can be a trigger for being exposed to violent behavior from others.…”

Section: Assessment Of Patients Who Have Experienced Physical Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delusions that involve specific people do not only increase violence to that person, but could also augur future exposure from that person, particularly if they themselves are vulnerable but consider themselves invulnerable; therefore, grandiose ideation and odd beliefs involving specific other people should be carefully assessed as possible vulnerability factors. 47 Disoriented or distracted behavior due to hallucinations makes individuals behave very differently, and difference in particular settings can be a trigger for being exposed to violent behavior from others. Irritable affect can be considered an important driver of verbal and physical aggression, but in certain contexts if may result in attacks from others.…”

Section: Assessment Of Patients Who Have Experienced Physical Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated mood can contribute to the invasion of personal space, and limit a patient's ability to take precautions, consistent with some evidence in those with a psychotic diagnosis. 47 Cognitive measures are correlated with victimization risk in the general population. 48 Moreover, given the association between dementia and the experience of violence (although based on few studies, reviewed in McCausland et al 49), formal cognitive assessment could assist in identifying executive deficits that might impair effective social interaction and navigation of complex social situations, and be of value in formulating and reducing vulnerability.…”

Section: Assessment Of Patients Who Have Experienced Physical Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Violence towards people with mental illness: Assessment, risk factors, and management

Bhavsar

Bhugra

2018

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Section: Assessment Of Patients Who Have Experienced Physical Violencesupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Assessment Of Patients Who Have Experienced Physical Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Patients Who Have Experienced Physical Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Patients Who Have Experienced Physical Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Violence towards people with mental illness: Assessment, risk factors, and management

Bhavsar

Bhugra

2018

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…Therefore, ASPDs, BPDs, violent criminal and high impulsive prisoners are all high-risk groups in prison, which may lead to a great deal of hardship for prison management, especially among male inmates. Although the prevalence of BPD in women is higher than that in men [39], the crime rate of men is higher than that of women [40]. Considering the absence of such study on this group in China, male high-risk inmates were chosen as our study subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin Receptor Gene, Childhood Maltreatment and Borderline Personality Disorder among Male Inmates in China

Zhang

Liu²,

Chen

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is caused by a variety of biological and environmental factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment is a risk environmental factor in the development of BPD, but research on the genetic pathology of BPD is still in its early stages, and very little is known about the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene. The purpose of this study is to further explore the interactive effects between OXTR gene polymorphisms and childhood maltreatment on BPD risk. Methods: Among the 1804 male inmates, 765 inmates with high risk were included in this study. Childhood maltreatment, BPD, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and impulsivity were measured by self-reported questionnaires. Peripheral venous blood was collected for the genotype test. Results: Analyses revealed that the BP group had higher rs53576 AA genotype frequency and rs237987 AA genotype frequency than the non-BP group. Total childhood maltreatment score, emotional abuse and neglect could positively predict BPD risk. Among the highrisk samples, rs53576 GG genotype carriers had higher BPD scores at higher levels of physical abuse and sexual abuse and had lower BPD scores at lower levels of physical abuse and sexual abuse.Conclusions: The findings suggest that the interaction between OXTR gene variations and childhood maltreatment is an important mechanism for the development of BPD. The moderating role of the OXTR gene provides evidence for gene plasticity.

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Violent Acts and Being the Target of Violence Among People With Mental Illness—The Data and Their Limits

Appelbaum

2020

JAMA Psychiatry

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Evidence has accumulated over the last 40 years indicating increased rates of violent perpetration and being the target of violence among people with mental illness. Landmark data collected in the early 1980s by the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study found a 12-month prevalence of 12% for any type of violence among people with mental disorders, which dropped to 7% if people with comorbid substance abuse (DSM-III) were excluded, compared with 2% in the general population. 1 Similar magnitudes of increased risk have been found in subsequent studies 2 and meta-analyses, 3 although the absolute rates of violence vary, probably because of differences in the populations sampled, outcome measures, and means of ascertainment. 4 However, despite the greater risk associated with mental disorders, the proportion of violence accounted for by mental disorder is small, with 1-year attributable risk estimated at 4% in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area analyses. 1 Being targeted by violence also has been shown consistently to be elevated among people with mental disorders, with most studies focusing on severe mental disorders. 5,6 Vulnerability may be enhanced by factors particularly associated with psychotic disorders, including homelessness and substance use, along with symptoms that may provoke violence by others, such as delusions and hallucinations. 6 Studies also confirm an association between being a perpetrator and being a target of violence, with a pooled sample from 5 studies showing that either status led to an 11-fold increase in the likelihood of the other. 7 However, findings on the degree of increased risk of being targeted by violence compared with people without mental disorders vary across studies.In this issue of JAMA Psychiatry, Sariaslan and colleagues 8 report being targeted by violence and violence perpetration data from a 20-year Swedish birth cohort of more than a quarter million people, comparing people with diagnoses of mental disorders with a comparison group without diagnoses from the general population and their own siblings without diagnoses. With a mean of 7.3 years of follow-up data after onset, overall rates of being targeted by violence and perpetration were low (approximately 7 per 1000 person-years), but the mentally disordered group was at elevated risk of being a target and perpetrator of violence. Without adjusting for confounders, the hazard ratios reflecting increased risk for being a target of violence and perpetration were approximately 7 and 11, respectively. However, in contrast to previous studies, the authors controlled not just for confounders that included sex, birth year, and parental characteristics, but also histories of violent involvement and unmeasured familial factors, the latter

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Prevalence Rate and Risk Factors of Victimization in Adult Patients With a Psychotic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Cited by 90 publications

References 64 publications

Violence towards people with mental illness: Assessment, risk factors, and management

Violence towards people with mental illness: Assessment, risk factors, and management

Oxytocin Receptor Gene, Childhood Maltreatment and Borderline Personality Disorder among Male Inmates in China

Violent Acts and Being the Target of Violence Among People With Mental Illness—The Data and Their Limits

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