Prevalence, organ distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella isolated from chickens purchased from markets in selected districts of West Shoa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Salmonella is one of the major causes of heavy losses in chicken and foodborne diseases worldwide. The current study was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016 to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates in chickens. Chickens (n=205) were purchased from local markets of five selected districts of West Shoa Zone, Central Ethiopia. Following clinical examination, chicken were euthanized and 2-3 ml of blood sample was collected immediately. Then after postmortem examination, samples were collected from the liver, kidney, ovary, and spleen. The slide agglutination test was used to assess the seroprevalence of Salmonella antibodies. Isolation of Salmonella was performed according to the ISO-6579 procedure. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (using 13 antimicrobial drugs) following the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The seroprevalence of Salmonella antibodies was 63.5% (95% CI: 55.9-70.5). The isolation rate of Salmonella was 19.0% (95% CI: 13.9-20.1) at the chicken level and 7.3% (95% CI: 5.5-9.4) at the organ level. The detection rate was 11.2%, 7.0%, 6.1%, and 4.4% for spleen, liver, ovary, and kidney, respectively. The majority of the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to norfloxacin (97.4%) and chloramphenicol (92.3%). All the 39 isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and nitrofurantoin. Three multidrug resistance patterns to six antimicrobial classes were observed. Four isolates were resistant to five antimicrobial classes. Therefore, regular surveillance of Salmonella and its antimicrobial resistance is needed for a better understanding of the epidemiological dynamics. Awareness creation for chicken farmers about improving farming practices and the risks of antimicrobial resistance warrants special attention.
 Keywords: Antimicrobial susceptibility; Chicken; Prevalence; Salmonella; Ethiopia

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Salmonella from Poultry Farms and In-Contact Humans and Associated Risk Factors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…The sample-level prevalence of Salmonella was 6.4% in the current study, which is higher than similar studies in Adama and Modjo towns (2.8%), Central Ethiopia (4.7%), and in and around Modjo and Central Oromia [ 2 , 5 , 23 ]. However, it is lower than the 19% prevalence reported from West Showa, Ethiopia [ 24 ] (Sarba et al). Such variation could be due to factors such as differences in detection methods employed, farm biosecurity level, and hygienic practices in the farms.…”

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonellae isolated from eggs of local chicken in selected towns of Ethiopia

“…The worldwide increase of food‐borne infections with antibiotic resistant pathogens is of growing concern and is designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an emerging public health problem (CDC, 2006 ; Dagnew et al., 2020 ; Lynch et al., 2006 ; Much et al., 2007 ). Different studies revealed that Salmonella serotypes isolated from foods of animal origin have multidrug resistance with resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes (Molla et al., 2003 ; Sarba et al., 2020 ). Globally, Salmonella exhibits extensive resistance profiles, which have been associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality and costs associated with disease (Angulo et al., 2004 ).…”

Trace level enrichment and clean-up of β-lactam antibiotic residues in edible chicken tissues and feathers by solid phase extraction for quantitative determination utilizing liquid chromatography

“…In Ethiopia, β-lactam antibiotics, i.e., ampicillin, amoxicillin and penicillin are the most widely used class of medicines to treat respiratory tract infections, prostatitis, urinary tract infections, skin, and soft tissue infections of sensitive bacteria in poultry production [11][12][13]. High level of antibiotic residues were detected in meat and milk in studies conducted in Addis Ababa, Bishoftu, and Adama major cities in the country by microbiological or screening methods [14].…”