Prevalence of Zoonotic Metacercariae in Two Species of Grouper, Epinephelus coioides and Epinephelus bleekeri, and Flathead Mullet, Mugil cephalus, in Vietnam

Foodborne Trematode Metacercariae in Fish from Northern Vietnam and Their Adults Recovered from Experimental Hamsters

“…However, no morphologic descriptions were available on S. falcatus metacercariae in Vietnam. H. continua metacercariae (458×453 µm) detected in a C. lindmani fish in the present study were similar in shape with but larger than those (380 in diameter) recovered in mullets from Khanh Hoa Province [16]. In the Republic of Korea, it is agreed that H. continua metacercariae detected in various fish species ( Laterolabrax japonicus , Acanthogobius flavimanus , Clupanodon punctatus , Plecoglossus altivelis , Conger myriaster , Boleophthalmus pectinirostris , and Scartelaos sp.)…”

“…On the other hand, the metacercariae of P. varium (187×147 µm) were smaller than those (210×180) reported in a freshwater fish ( Oryzias melastigma ) from Visakhapatnam, India [19]. However, our P. varium metacercariae were almost identical with those found in groupers from Nha Trang district in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam [16]. With regard to S. falcatus metacercariae, they were previously detected in cultured giant gouramy ( Osphronemus gourami ) from Tien Giang Province and Can Tho City [13], and also in the common carp ( C. carpio ) and grass carp ( C. idella ) from Nghe An Province, Vietnam [15].…”

“…Chi et al [15] performed a cross-sectional survey of FBT metacercariae in farmed fish in Nghe An Province, about 300 km south of Hanoi, in 2005 [15]. Vo et al [16] surveyed 2 species of groupers ( Epinephelus coioides and Epinepheles bleekeri ), and mullet ( M. cephalus ) in a central coastal area of Vietnam (Khanh Hoa Province) in 2008 [16]. Phan et al [17] surveyed on the infection status of FBT metacercariae in freshwater fish from small-scale farms (family-based household fish farm) in Nam Dinh Province in 2010 [17].…”

“…Vo et al [16] also detected P. varium metacercariae together with 2 other heterophyid metacercariae ( H. continua and P. summa ) in 2 species of groupers and mullet from Khanh Hoa Province in Vietnam. On the other hand, S. falcatus and H. continua metacercariae were found in M. cephalus and C. lindmani , respectively, in the present study.…”

Vibrio harveyi (VirB11) recombinant vaccine development against vibriosis in orange‐spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides )

“…The aquaculture industry of China has been a key means of sustainability to the world's fishery overall. Grouper, which is a delicacy in the Pacific that includes South Europe and Asia, is counted among the key maricultured fish species having immense economic value, threatened by diseases outbreak, particularly from bacterial sources with Vibro species as a leading cause of havoc in the industry (Cai et al, ; Ruangsri et al, ; Vo et al, ). The pathogenicity of vertebrate and invertebrate devastative Vibrio pathogens is associated with extracellular products, which include proteases, haemolysins, lipases, phospholipases, outer membrane proteins and adhesive factors, initiating virulence for the successful initiation and maintenance of disease, Vibrio pathogens are detrimental in vulnerable or immunocompromised hosts (Austin & Zhang, ; Cheng, Zhang, Zhang, & Sun, ; Ningqiu et al, ).…”