Prevalence of varicocele among primary and secondary infertile men: Association with occupation, smoking and drinking alcohol

Shafi, Hamid; Esmaeilzadeh, Sedighe; Delavar, Mouloud Agajani; Haydari, Fatemeh Hosseinpour; Mahdinejad, Neda; Abedi, Sharare

doi:10.4103/1947-2714.143285

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The causes of these complications include genetic, environmental, and idiopathic factors (Macaluso et al, 2010). Some urological diseases are also included among the causes, including urogenital tract infections (Sobinoff et al, 2015), cryptorchidism (Chung and Brock, 2011), varicocele (Shafi et al, 2014), and torsion of the spermatic cord mediated by ischemia/reperfusion processes (Ahmed et al, 2000). In the latter case, studies have primarily examined the effects of ischemia/ reperfusion (and consequently, of hypoxia) on the germ cells, damage to the contralateral testis, and reperfusion (Antoniolli- Silva et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twisting of the spermatic cord: ischemia and reperfusion, toxicogenetic evaluation, and the effects of phosphatidylcholine in pre-clinical trials

Coelho¹,

Berno²,

Falcão

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Phosphatidylcholine is the main phospholipid present in cell membranes and in lipoproteins, and can interfere with various biological processes. This lipid also has antioxidant activity, and protects against damage caused by free radicals under conditions of ischemia/reperfusion. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate toxicogenetic damage caused by twisting of the spermatic cord in ischemia/reperfusion, and whether phosphatidylcholine plays a role in conditions of ischemia/reperfusion in preclinical trials. The results indicate that spermatic cord torsion does not cause genotoxic damage or mutagenesis. A dose of 300 mg/kg of phosphatidylcholine is toxic and is thus not recommended. However, a dose of 150 mg/kg does not promote toxicogenetic damage, and though it does not statistically prevent tissue damage occurring from lack of oxygenation and nutrition of testicular cells, it has a tendency to reduce this damage. Therefore, this research suggests that further studies should be conducted to clarify this tendency and to provide a better explanation of the possible therapeutic effects of phosphatidylcholine in cytoprotection of germ cells affected by ischemia/reperfusion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twisting of the spermatic cord: ischemia and reperfusion, toxicogenetic evaluation, and the effects of phosphatidylcholine in pre-clinical trials

Coelho¹,

Berno²,

Falcão

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Varicocele, an abnormal dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum, is the most common surgically correctable cause of male infertility [ 1 – 4 ]. The prevalence of varicocele is 15–20% in the general population, 21–41% in men with primary infertility, and 75–81% in men with secondary infertility [ 1 , 3 , 5 – 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of somatometric parameters on the prevalence and severity of varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu

et al. 2021

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

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Background Published studies have shown contradictory results regarding the relationship between somatometric parameters and varicoceles. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the possible effects of age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) on the presence and severity of varicoceles. Methods Databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, and Google Scholar were systematically searched to identify relevant articles published up to March 2020. Two researchers independently identified eligible articles and extracted data. Cochran’s Q statistic and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. Meta-analysis was performed using StataSE 12.0 software (StataCorp LP, USA). Random-effects models were used to obtain the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was assessed using Begg’s funnel plot and Egger’s regression test. Results The search strategy produced 272 articles, of which 18 articles were eligible according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. A total of 56,325 patients with varicocele and 1,334,694 patients without varicocele were included in the meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of somatometric parameters on the presence and severity of varicocele. The overall results demonstrated that the presence of varicoceles was significantly associated with height (WMD = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.74, P < 0.001) and inversely correlated with BMI (WMD = − 1.35, 95% CI = -1.67 to − 1.03, P < 0.001) but not with age (WMD = -0.93, 95% CI = -2.19 to 0.33, P = 0.149) or weight (WMD = 0.24, 95% CI = -2.24 to 2.72, P = 0.850). The severity of varicocele was inversely correlated with increased BMI but not with age. Conclusion The presence of varicoceles was significantly associated with height and inversely correlated with BMI.

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Therapy in Oligozoospermia (Varicocele, Cryptorchidism, Inflammation, and Seminal Tract Infections)

Busetto

Saleh

Gül

et al. 2022

Practical Clinical Andrology

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The management of infertile men with varicocele is highly debated. Varicocele repair (VR) can be either surgical (varicolectomy) or through angiographic embolization. Surgical repair of varicocele includes open non-microsurgical techniques whether inguinal (Ivanissevich) or high retroperitoneal ligation (Palomo), open microsurgical techniques (inguinal or sub-inguinal) or laparoscopic. The accumulating evidence suggests that VR can improve conventional sperm parameters (sperm concentration, motility, and morphology), seminal oxidative stress, sperm DNA fragmentation, and serum testosterone concentrations.Treatment of cryptorchism is based on surgical correction. The surgical approach for palpable undescended testis is inguinal orchidopexy with eventual repair of concomitant hernia. Scrotal surgical approach is a viable alternative. For nonpalpable undescended testis, surgical approach can be open or laparoscopic, in one or two stages and possibly with spermatic vessel transection. In some cases, orchiectomy is required (testis abdominal localization, impossibility of mobilization or high neoplastic risk).Male accessory gland infections, including infection and/or inflammation of accessory glands (prostate, seminal vesicles, and Cowper’s glands), and male genital tract infections are characterized by the presence of an elevated number of leukocytes and/or pathogens in semen, together with inflammatory signs. Management is based on different antibiotic therapies.

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Prevalence of varicocele among primary and secondary infertile men: Association with occupation, smoking and drinking alcohol

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Twisting of the spermatic cord: ischemia and reperfusion, toxicogenetic evaluation, and the effects of phosphatidylcholine in pre-clinical trials

Twisting of the spermatic cord: ischemia and reperfusion, toxicogenetic evaluation, and the effects of phosphatidylcholine in pre-clinical trials

Effect of somatometric parameters on the prevalence and severity of varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Therapy in Oligozoospermia (Varicocele, Cryptorchidism, Inflammation, and Seminal Tract Infections)

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