Prevalence of use of permitted pharmacological substances for recovery among athletes

Abstract

Objectives: Food supplements and medicines which are not on the list of prohibited substances of the World Anti-Doping Agency are included in the group of permitted pharmacological agents for athlete’s recovery. The aim of this study was to describe qualitatively and quantitatively food supplements (FS) and over-the-counter drugs use among athletes in the last six month. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Data on food supplements and the over-the-counter drugs, usage were collected during 2018 by self-administered, anonymous questionnaire. Results: A total of 112 athletes completed the survey. A total of 51.8% (n = 58) athletes reported the use of food supplements. The use of medical supplements was reported by 50.0% (n = 56) of athletes, 26.8% (n = 30) reported using ergogenic supplements, 1.8% (n = 2) using of sports food and 4.5% (n = 5) using other supplements. The use of over-the-counter drugs was reported by 35.7% (n = 40) of athletes. The over-the-counter analgesic drugs were used by 95% (n = 38) of over-the-counter drug users. Concomitant administration two or more over-the-counter drugs was reported by 40% (n = 16) athletes. Doctors and coaches had no advisory role in the use of food supplements or over-the-counter drugs.

Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Strategies in Bodybuilding: Impact on Kidney Function

“…NSAIDs are easily accessible, and their use is highly prevalent, accounting for around 5% of prescribed treatments worldwide [ 71 ]. NSAIDS are popular in sports medicine [ 71 , 72 ], with a self-reported prevalence of up to 50% among athletes [ 73 ]. They can counteract muscle inflammation, pain and soreness during, and in response to, exercise [ 74 , 75 ], and thus improve performance by increasing pain tolerances and delaying fatigue [ 75 , 76 ].…”

Ultra-Endurance Participation and Acute Kidney Injury: A Narrative Review

“…Ultra-athletes are at increased risk of AKI, especially those participating in high volume and intensity ultra-running events, are exposed to high levels of functional and structural damage [ 2 , 4 , 7 ], increased serum creatinine (SCr) levels [ 8 ] and increasing renal filtration requirements [ 10 ]. The ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which is common in sports medicine [ 11 , 12 , 13 ] with up to 75% of ultra-athletes reporting NSAIDs use [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] is also a concern. NSAIDs are a contributing factor to ultra-endurance event completion success [ 16 ] as they assist in mitigating muscle inflammation, postpone fatigue, and improve pain tolerances [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”