Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Patients Attending a Non -Governmental Health Facility in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

I, Bigwan E.; Wakjissa, Florence D

doi:10.7439/ijbar.v4i8.440

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Similar findings are documented in studies conducted elsewhere [10, 19]. This may be due to low income that limits the health seeking behavior of an infected individual due to expensive antimicrobials, the high cost of treatment, and unsatisfactory therapeutic options [7, 14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The observation of the high prevalence of UTI in this study may require the need for laboratory investigation as a criterion for the commencement of treatment in HIV-positive patients. This finding was relatively higher than reports in Gondar, Ethiopia (11.9%) [6], and Jimma, Ethiopia (10.7%), [2], but lower than studies conducted in Ebonyi State, Nigeria (93.8%) [1], Tamil Nadu, India (77.5%) [17], and Osogbo, Nigeria (23.5%) [14]. This disparity rate might be attributed to differences in sample size (small sample size might overestimate the proportion), improper collection, and processing of specimens, geographical variation, and socioeconomic conditions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Single voided clean-catch midstream fresh urine (10 mL) was collected from each participant in a leak-proof and sterilized wide-mouthed screw-capped container. The specimens were kept in a cold box (4°C) and transported within 30 minutes of collection [14] to the Haramaya University College of Health and Medical Sciences Bacteriology laboratory for the analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A culture growth of ≥10 5 CFU/mL (colony forming units per milliliter) accompained by symptom was labeled as UTI. Only a single positive culture per patient was included in the analysis [7, 14].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates, and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among HIV‐Positive Patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

Marami

Balakrishnan

Seyoum

2019

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Urinary tract infection remains a major public health problem in developing countries, where there are limited health-care services. Its prevalence is fueled by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is now widespread and poses a serious clinical threat. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates, and associated factors of urinary tract infections among HIV-positive adult patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 randomly selected HIV-positive patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital from February to March 2016. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clean-catch midstream urine samples were collected aseptically and examined using the recommended culture methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.0. The logistic regression models were used to explore the predictors of the outcome. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was 18% (95% CI: 15.34–22.63). Individuals with age 35–44 years (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 4.07; 95% CI: 1.09, 5.10), income less than 46.7 USD (AOR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.15, 6.07), and a CD4+ count less than 200 cells/mm3 (AOR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.15, 3.73) had higher odds of UTI. Escherichia coli (38.1%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.8%), and Staphylococcus aureus (11.1%) were the predominant causes of urinary tract infection. E. coli was resistant to ampicillin (95.8%), ceftazidime (95.8%), cotrimoxazole (95.8%), amoxicillin (91.7%), ceftriaxone (87.5%), and tetracycline (87.2%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 46% of the isolates. The prevalence of urinary tract infection in this study was high compared to the previous reports in Ethiopia. Age 35–44 years, income less than 46.7 USD, and a CD4+ count < 200 cells/mm3 increase the odds of urinary tract infection. The most common isolates were E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus. Almost half of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Actions to help mitigate the further spread of resistance are urgently needed in the study area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates, and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among HIV‐Positive Patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

Marami

Balakrishnan

Seyoum

2019

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Esthiopia

Tessema

Ali

Zenebe

2020

Sci Rep

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People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely to develop urinary tract infections (UTI) due to the suppression of their immunity. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors of UTI, and drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated among peoples infected with HIV. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 224 HIV positive individuals attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (HUCSH) from September 17 to November 16, 2018. Midstream urine was collected from all study participants and inoculated on to Blood and MacConkey agar. Bacterial isolates were characterized by Gram stain and standard biochemical tests. Kirby-Bauer method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. A bivariate and a multivariable regression model were employed to determine the association between dependent and independent variables. From the total 224 study participants, 23 (10.3%) (95% CI 6.7–14.7) had culture-confirmed UTIs. The distributions of the bacteria were as follows: Escherichia coli 16 (69.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 2 (8.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 2 (8.7%), Enterobacter aerogenes 2 (8.7%) and Pseudomonas species 1 (4.3%). UTI prevalence was also high among study participants with a previous history of UTI and CD4+ count < 200/mm3. Female study participants were about five times more likely to have UTI (AOR 5.3, 95% CI 1.5–19.2). Ninety-three percent of bacteria isolated were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, and gentamycin; 87.5% were susceptible to meropenem and norfloxacin; whereas 93.8%, 68.8%, and 62.5% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was seen in 18 (78.3%) of bacterial isolates.

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Frequency and Antibiogram of Uropathogens Isolated from Urine Samples of HIV Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy

Ifeanyichukwu¹

2013

AJBIO

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Opportunistic infections including urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV infected patients. Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are prone to infection from non-pathogenic microbes in the environment than normal individuals; and this development has been greatly attributed to the weakened immune system of HIV infected patients which makes it difficult to protect the body against invading commensal organisms. In this study, midstream urine (MSU) samples from HIV infected patients who attended the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria for routine antiretroviral therapy were evaluated by microbiological analysis for uropathogens. Antibiogram was also investigated on all isolated uropathogens by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The uropathogens isolated from the MSU of HIV infected patients in this study were identified as: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. S. aureus was the most prevalent isolated organism (n=34). This was followed by K. pneumoniae (n=17), E. coli (16) and P. mirabilis (n=8). All uropathogens produced varying rates of susceptibility and resistance patterns to the tested antibiotics. High sensitivity was observed with gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. Cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, and cefoxitin (which are all 3 rd-generation β-lactams) showed less efficacy against the uropathogens. This study draws attention to the increasing rate of UTIs amongst HIV infected patients in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State of Nigeria, and the resistance of uropathogens to some available antibiotics. Therefore, there is need to checkmate the menace through proper detection and treatment of affected individuals in order to improve the health status of PLWHA in this environment.

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Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections among HIV Patients Attending a Non -Governmental Health Facility in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates, and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among HIV‐Positive Patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates, and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among HIV‐Positive Patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

Bacterial associated urinary tract infection, risk factors, and drug susceptibility profile among adult people living with HIV at Haswassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Southern Esthiopia

Frequency and Antibiogram of Uropathogens Isolated from Urine Samples of HIV Infected Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy

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