Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections and Their Antimicrobial Sensitivity Among Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients in Zakho

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections in diabetics and non-diabetics. Worldwide about one hundred fifty million people are infected with UTI each year. Indifference in diabetes management has been shown to increase the risk of complications. This may lead to different microbial infections including UTI. UTI is often treated with various broad-spectrum antibiotics due to concerns about infection with resistant organisms. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of UTI and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients attended the Zakho Emergency Hospital and Chamiskho Health Center at refugee camp in Zakho city. Methods: Midstream urine sample was collected from 316 patients attended Zakho Emergency Hospital and Chamiskho Health Results: 316 samples were collected from diabetic and non-diabetics, 195 (61.70%) sample were collected from diabetics and 121 (38.30%) sample were collected from non-diabetic patients. The frequency of male and female was 101 (31.96%) and 215 (68.04%) respectively. The top five dominant bacteria isolated in this study were Escherichia coli (43.20%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.90%), Proteus mirabilis (11.65%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.73%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.31%). The isolated bacteria were highly sensitive to meropenem (100%) followed by imipenem (97% sensitive) and less sensitive to ciprofloxacine, amikacin and nitrofurantoin. While most of the isolates were resistance to tetracycline (21% sensitive), ampicillin (22% sensitive) and piperacillin (28% sensitive). Conclusion: Analysis of the results showed that urinary tract infection is more prevalence in diabetic than non-diabetics and in female than male. Also, the most commonly isolated bacterium was E. coli. Most isolated pathogens show high resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin.

Bacterial Causes of Urinary Tract Infection among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients in Al-Kut City, Iraq

“…Diabetic patients suffer commonly from fungal UTI who rather than bacterial especially among those are hospitalized for a long period, (Joshi, N. et al, 1999) catheterized, and frequently using the parenteral antibiotic . This result (Jameel was in contrast to other studies that found a higher risk of UTI among DM patients A.Y. et al, 2019A.Y.…”

“…et al, 2016). The same results were obtained from previous studies conducted in different places in the world [ (Jameel A.Y. et al, 2019;Bonadio, M. et al, 2006& Tan, C.W.…”

“…The Staphylococcus aureus is a high resistance bacterium so it presents commonly among patients with UTIs. The study in Zakho/ Iraq in 2018, showed a different observation where E. coli (Jameel A.Y. et al, 2019) was the most commonly isolated bacterium just like what was Bonadio M et al (2006) (Bonadio, M. et al, 2006).…”

The Prevalence Of Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Strains Among Outpatients With Urinary Tract Infection In Zakho City, Iraq

“…Such as in Zakho city, a rate of 43.20% isolates of E. coli was detected among UTIs patients. [22] While in Duhok city, a much higher rate of UPEC infection which was 74.4% (276/371) was reported in women. [20] Furthermore, in Erbil and Sulaimania cities, high prevalence (42% vs 30%, respectively) of the UPEC were isolated from pure and mixed cultures were.…”

Molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis isolated from different clinical specimens in Zakho city, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

“…The resistance of P. mirabilis toward the antibiotics used in this study was somewhat similar to other studies performed in Kurdistan Region /Iraq and other developing countries. For example, in Zakho city Jameel and Artoshi (2019) showed that these bacteria displayed low sensitivity rates to Chloramphenicol 14.29% and Amikacin 28.57%. Naqid et al (2020) in Duhok city demonstrated that P. mirabilis displays high resistance to Ampicillin 77.8%, but low resistance to Gentamicin 11.1%.…”