Prevalence of unrecognized depression and associated factors among medical outpatient department attendees; a cross sectional study

Abstract

Objectives To determine the prevalence and associated factors of unrecognized depression among patients who visit non-psychiatric outpatient departments in the University of Gondar specialized teaching hospital. North West Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Medical outpatient departments in the University of Gondar specialized referral hospital from March to April 2019. We collected data through face-to-face interviews. We recruited 314 participants for face-to-face interviews using the systematic random sampling technique. The patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to measure depression. Coded variables were entered into Epi Info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval were used to calculate significance. Results A total of 314 participants were interviewed with a response rate of 100%. The prevalence of depression was 15.9% with (95% CI (12.1–20.1)). In the multivariate logistic regression revealed that, able to read and write (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI (0.67–0.84)), secondary education (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI (0.12–0.91)), education in college and university level (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI (0.13–0.78)), poor social support (AOR = 7.78, 95% CI (2.74–22.09)), current cigarette smokers(AOR = 12.65, 95% CI (1.79–89.14)) were associated with depression. Conclusion The prevalence of depression among outpatient attendees was high. We recommend an early depression screening be carried out by health professionals.

Prevalence and correlates of depression among students in a senior high school in Ghana: A school-based cross-sectional study

“…The questionnaire was developed by the investigators through a review of the literature. 36 – 42 The questionnaire was used to capture data on sociodemographic variables, including age, sex, religion, year of student, etc. and individual variables such as self-reported academic performance, previous history of chronic and mental health conditions, beating or canning, and drug abuse.…”

“…The validity and reliability of the PHQ-9 for screening for depression have been reported worldwide. 42 , 44 , 45 Previous studies have utilized the PHQ-9 tool to assess the severity of depression among different populations in Ghana. 46 – 48 The PHQ-9 is a nine-item instrument with a four-point rating scale ranging from “0” (not at all) to “3” (nearly every day).…”

Evaluation of Variables Affecting Depression Symptoms in Seasonal Agricultural Workers

“…Prolonged and poorly treated depression also paves the way for physical diseases, worsens the course of physical diseases such as diabetes and heart diseases, and even increases the risk of death (15,16). Some of the most common psychiatric symptoms encountered in psychiatry outpatient clinics are depressive symptoms and they must be treated effectively (17,18). This study aimed to examine the depression-related factors of SAWers who were diagnosed with MDD and admitted to the psychiatry outpatient clinic of our hospital, in the light of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.…”