Prevalence of Troglodytella abrassarti Brumpt and Joyeux, 1912 in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale Mountains National Park in Western Tanzania

Kaur, Taranjit; Singh, Jatinder; Lindsay, David S.

doi:10.1645/ge-2266.1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Conspecificity of Troglodytella isolates in the common chimpanzee throughout its large range corresponds with previous morphology‐based tentative assignment of Troglodytella trophozoites from various natural and captive populations to T. abrassarti (Irbis et al,2008; Modrý et al,2009; Kaur et al,2010; Pomajbíková et al,2010). In contrast to a previous study expecting the presence of different species of Troglodytella in bonobos (Dupain et al,2009), sequences retrieved from bonobo samples belonged to Type II, which occurs in the East/Central African common chimpanzee.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In contrast to ciliates of the families Cycloposthiidae and Blepharocorythidae, which are found predominantly in ungulates, members of the family Troglodytellidae are considered specific to African great apes (e.g., Imai et al,1991; Van Hoven et al,1998; Muehlenbein,2005; Ito et al,2006; Dupain et al,2009; Modrý et al,2009; Kaur et al,2010; Pomajbíková et al,2010). There are two anecdotic reports of T. abrassarti in other primates, namely in orangutans and siamangs (Mortelmans et al, 1970; O'Donoghue et al, 1993), however the infected animals were kept in captivity and in contact with chimpanzees (e.g., sharing cage), which were probably the source of the infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular diversity of entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti and its coevolution with chimpanzees

Vallo¹,

Petrželková²,

Profousová³

et al. 2012

American J Phys Anthropol

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The entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti is a colonic mutualist of great apes. Its host specificity makes it a suitable model for studies of primate evolution. We explored molecular diversity of T. abrassarti with regard to large geographical distribution and taxonomic diversity of its most common host, the chimpanzee. We found a very low diversification of T. abrassarti in chimpanzees across Africa. Distribution of two types of T. abrassarti supports evolutionary separation of the Western chimpanzee, P. t. verus, from populations in Central and East Africa. Type I T. abrassarti is probably a derived form, which corresponds with the Central African origin of chimpanzees and a founder event leading to P. t. verus. Exclusivity of the respective types of T. abrassarti to Western and Central/Eastern chimpanzees corroborates the difference found between an introduced population of presumed Western chimpanzees on Rubondo Island and an autochthonous population in mainland Tanzania. The identity of T. abrassarti from Nigerian P. t. ellioti and Central African chimpanzees suggests their close evolutionary relationship. Although this contrasts with published mtDNA data, it corroborates current opinion on the exclusive position of P. t. verus within the chimpanzee phylogeny. The type of T. abrassarti occurring in Central and East African common chimpanzee was confirmed also in bonobos. This may point to the presence of an ancestral Type II found throughout the Lower Guinean rainforest dating back to the common Pan ancestor. Alternatively, the molecular uniformity of T. abrassarti may imply a historical overlap of the species' distribution ranges.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular diversity of entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti and its coevolution with chimpanzees

Vallo¹,

Petrželková²,

Profousová³

et al. 2012

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Our results clearly demonstrated that a prevalence of 42.5% for T. abrassarti was lower than a 92–97% prevalence’s observed in most wild chimpanzee populations (Muehlenbein, 2005; Gillespie et al. , 2010; Kaur, Singh & Lindsay, 2010). Recent studies have demonstrated a wide variation in the prevalence of ciliates in captive and semi‐captive chimpanzee colonies (Pomajbikova et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

“…Among chimpanzees and other anthropoid apes, the entodiniomorphid ciliate; Troglodytella abrassarti , Brumpt & Joyeux, 1912 has received much research attention because of its high prevalence in many populations. In naturally free‐ranging chimpanzees, for example, 97% or more individuals carry this ciliate (Hasegawa & Kano, 1983; Muehlenbein, 2005; Kaur, Singh & Lindsay, 2010), making it one of the most common of ciliates found in chimpanzees. Recently, their presence in the gut of wild chimpanzees is thought to indicate good gastrointestinal performance and its prevalence may be used as an indicator of population health (Howells, Pruetz & Gillespie, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐helminth‐induced changes in the prevalence of entodiniomorphid ciliates in semi‐captive chimpanzees

Obanda

Stephen

Patrick

2011

African Journal of Ecology

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Ciliates are some of the most abundant gut fauna in wild chimpanzees. However, their presence in captive populations is usually low presumably due to anti-helmintic prophylaxis or feeding on low fibre diet. We studied a semicaptive colony of chimpanzees at the Sweetwaters Sanctuary in Kenya subject to routine prophylactic dose of albendazole to clear chimpanzees of parasitic helminths. Fresh faecal samples from known individuals were collected before and subsequently after prophylaxis. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin and examined by the sedimentation method. Troglodytella abrassarti had 42.5% prevalence whereas other ciliates had 65% prevalence. The prevalence of the T. abrassarti and other ciliates significantly declined immediately after prophylaxis and then rose slowly thereafter. Our results suggest that ciliates are susceptible to anti-helmintic prophylaxis and that treatment may eliminate ciliates or inhibit their proliferation within the host subsequently lowering their prevalence in the population. Variation in prevalence was not influenced by the age of the host. However, a steady recovery of ciliate prevalence was lower for male compared to female hosts. Our results imply that the intervals between prophylactic regimes could be prolonged differently for males and females to increase the prevalence of ciliates in captive populations. RésuméLes ciliés comptent parmi la faune la plus abondante de l'intestin des chimpanzés sauvages. Pourtant, dans les populations vivant en captivité, leur présence est souvent faible, probablement en raison du traitement de prophylaxie anti-helmintique donné aux chimpanzés du Sanctuaire de Sweetwaters, au Kenya, qui reçoivent une dose régulière d'albendazole pour les protéger des helminthes parasites. On a collecté des échantillons fécaux frais d'individus connus, avant et après ce traitement. Les échantillons furent fixés dans une solution de formaldéhyde à 10% et examinés par la méthode de sédimentation. Troglodytella abrassarti avait une prévalence de 42,5% alors que celle des autres ciliés était de 65%. La prévalence de T. abrassarti et des autres ciliés a diminué significativement immédiatement après le traitement prophylactique avant de remonter lentement. Nos résultats suggèrent que les ciliés sont sensibles à la prophylaxie antihelminthique et que ce traitement peut éliminer des ciliés ou empêcher leur prolifération à l'intérieur de leur hôte, ce qui diminue leur prévalence dans la population. La variation de la prévalence n'était pas influencée par l'âge de l'hôte. Cependant une restauration régulière de la prévalence des ciliés était plus faible chez les hôtes mâles que chez les femelles. Nos résultats impliquent que l'intervalle entre deux traitements prophylactiques pourrait être allongé différemment pour les mâles et les femelles pour augmenter la prévalence des ciliés dans les populations en captivité.

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Parasitology of five primates in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania

et al. 2012

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Parasitological surveillance in primates has been performed using coprological observation and identification of specimens from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania (Mahale). In this study, we conducted coprological surveillance to identify the fauna of parasite infection in five primate species in Mahale: red colobus (Procolobus badius tephrosceles), red-tailed monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti), vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops pygerythrus), yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus), and chimpanzees. Fecal samples were examined microscopically, and parasite identification was based on the morphology of cysts, eggs, larvae, and adult worms. Three nematodes (Oesophagostomum spp., Strongyloides sp., and Trichuris sp.), Entamoeba coli, and Entamoeba spp. were found in all five primate species. The following infections were identified: Bertiella studeri was found in chimpanzees and yellow baboons; Balantidium coli was found in yellow baboons; three nematodes (Streptopharagus, Primasubulura, an undetermined genus of Spirurina) and Dicrocoeliidae gen. sp. were found in red-tailed monkeys, vervet monkeys, and yellow baboons; Chitwoodspirura sp. was newly identified in red colobus and red-tailed monkeys; Probstmayria gombensis and Troglocorys cava were newly identified in chimpanzees, together with Troglodytella abrassarti; and Enterobius sp. was newly identified in red colobus. The parasitological data reported for red colobus, vervet monkeys, and yellow baboons in Mahale are the first reports for these species.

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Prevalence of Troglodytella abrassarti Brumpt and Joyeux, 1912 in Wild Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Mahale Mountains National Park in Western Tanzania

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Molecular diversity of entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti and its coevolution with chimpanzees

Molecular diversity of entodiniomorphid ciliate Troglodytella abrassarti and its coevolution with chimpanzees

Anti‐helminth‐induced changes in the prevalence of entodiniomorphid ciliates in semi‐captive chimpanzees

Parasitology of five primates in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania

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