Prevalence of Traumatic Events and Symptoms of PTSD Among South Africans Receiving an HIV Test

Kagee, Ashraf; Bantjes, Jason; Saal, Wylene

doi:10.1007/s10461-017-1730-9

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…In multivariable analyses adjusted for gender and clinic the prevalence of probable PTSD was significantly higher among those who reported experiencing PTEs during childhood (aPR 2.0 [95% CI 1.1, 3.3]), violent PTEs during adulthood (aPR 1.7 [95% CI 1.0, 2.7]), and the death [3,11]. A study of PWH in Tanzania found that PWH reported a mean of three lifetime PTEs [12,41].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTE) is common among people with HIV (PWH) and more common among PWH compared to the general population [1][2][3][4]. PTEs can take many forms, occur throughout the life course, and include violent and non-violent events in which an individual is exposed to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of potentially traumatic events and symptoms of depression, anxiety, hazardous alcohol use, and post-traumatic stress disorder among people with HIV initiating HIV care in Cameroon

Parcesepe

Filiatreau

Ebasone³

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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Background This study explored the relationship between specific types of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and symptoms of mental health disorders among people with HIV (PWH) in Cameroon. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with 426 PWH in Cameroon between 2019–2020. Multivariable log binominal regression was used to estimate the association between exposure (yes/no) to six distinct types of PTE and symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score > 9), PTSD (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 score > 30), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale score > 9), and hazardous alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score > 7 for men; > 6 for women). Results A majority of study participants (96%) reported exposure to at least one PTE, with a median of 4 PTEs (interquartile range: 2–5). The most commonly reported PTEs were seeing someone seriously injured or killed (45%), family members hitting or harming one another as a child (43%), physical assault or abuse from an intimate partner (42%) and witnessing physical assault or abuse (41%). In multivariable analyses, the prevalence of PTSD symptoms was significantly higher among those who reported experiencing PTEs during childhood, violent PTEs during adulthood, and the death of a child. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was significantly higher among those who reported experiencing both PTEs during childhood and violent PTEs during adulthood. No significant positive associations were observed between specific PTEs explored and symptoms of depression or hazardous alcohol use after adjustment. Conclusions PTEs were common among this sample of PWH in Cameroon and associated with PTSD and anxiety symptoms. Research is needed to foster primary prevention of PTEs and to address the mental health sequelae of PTEs among PWH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of potentially traumatic events and symptoms of depression, anxiety, hazardous alcohol use, and post-traumatic stress disorder among people with HIV initiating HIV care in Cameroon

Parcesepe

Filiatreau

Ebasone³

et al. 2023

BMC Psychiatry

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“…Few studies examined the effect of mental disorders on suicide behaviors among PLWH [1], especially in sub-Saharan Africa where the burden of HIV is the highest. PLWH are five to eight times more likely to report suicidal behaviors following exposure to trauma, compared with the general population [11][12][13]. Likewise, among PLWH, users of psycho-active substances were three to seven times more likely to attempt suicide than non-users, while sleeping disorders increased the risk of suicide attempts by two to five times among PLWH [14].…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern and risk factors for suicidal behaviors of people accessing HIV care in Ogun State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey

Bamidele,

Agada,

Afolayan

et al. 2024

HIV & AIDS Review

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Introduction: People living with HIV are at increased risk of suicidal behaviors. It is critical to assess risk factors in resource-poor settings. Our study aimed to quantitatively assess the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors for suicidal behaviors among HIV-positive adults.Material and methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study among 412 HIV-positive adults over nine months was conducted. Data on participants' characteristics, prevalence and pattern of suicidal ideation, plan and attempt, and risk factors for suicidal behaviors using structured interviews with closedended questionnaires were obtained. Crude and specific prevalence, 95% confidence intervals of suicidal behaviors, and risk factors were computed. Subsequently, we conducted bivariate analyses and binary logistic analysis to assess relevant associations, with statistical significance at 5%. Results:About two out of every three (68.4%) participants were women. The crude prevalence of suicide behaviors was 7.3%, 6.1%, and 5.8% for suicide ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt, respectively. Several risk factors for suicide behaviors were common, such as perception of suicide as a crime (59.7%), lack of access to healthcare (44.7%), social isolation (34.7%), anxiety (32.8%), psychological distress (32.3%), separation or divorce (29.4%), widowhood (23.3%), intimate partner violence (15.5%), and co-existing major medical conditions (14.8). Suicidal behaviors were associated (p < 0.05) with anxiety, alcohol consumption, co-existing major medical conditions, rape, and lack of access to healthcare.Conclusions: Suicidal behaviors and their risk factors are common among people living with HIV. It is critical to prioritize screening for suicide behaviors and their risk factors in HIV care.

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“…In South Africa, the country with the largest number of individuals living with HIV (Simbayi et al., 2019), the prevalence of community violence and its psychological consequences, including PTSD, are high (Atwoli et al., 2013). Among both individuals seeking an HIV test and those living with HIV, traumatic events and symptoms of posttraumatic stress have been reported in nontrivial proportions (Kagee, Bantjes, et al., 2017; Martin & Kagee, 2011). Symptoms of posttraumatic stress may be experienced prior to an HIV diagnosis due to exposure to previous stressful events.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms of posttraumatic stress may be experienced prior to an HIV diagnosis due to exposure to previous stressful events. For example, in a sample of 500 South Africans seeking an HIV test, 62.2% reported having experienced a traumatic event, 8% of whom met the criteria for PTSD (Kagee, Bantjes, et al., 2017). However, most studies conducted on PTSD in the context of HIV have recruited samples of participants who are already infected with HIV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Caseness Using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 Among Patients Receiving Care for HIV

Kagee

Bantjes

Saal

et al. 2021

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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This study assessed the ability of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for the DSM-5 to distinguish between caseness and noncaseness for PTSD among South Africans receiving care for HIV. The PCL-5 and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5-Research Version (SCID-RV) module for PTSD were administered to 688 patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at two HIV care clinics in the greater Cape Town (South Africa) area. In total, nearly half of the sample (n = 324, 47.1%) reported experiencing an index traumatic event, and 101 participants (14.74%, 95% CI [12.17%, 17.62%]) met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD as measured using the SCID-RV. An ROC curve analysis suggested that a PCL-5 cutoff score of 32 yielded optimal sensitivity (0.88) and specificity (0.88), indicating that the measure was successful in determining caseness for PTSD 88% of the time and noncaseness 88% of the time. The AUC was 94.3%, 95% CI [92.6% to 96.1%], indicating high accuracy. The positive predictive value and negative predictive values were 56.3% and 97.7%, respectively, which suggests that the PCL-5 is an effective screening instrument to determine the presence of PTSD among South African ART users. Undetected and, thus, untreated PTSD may reduce quality of life, impede optimal adherence to ART, and increase the likelihood of risk behaviors among individuals living with HIV, contributing to further infections. The PCL-5 may be used for detection, referral, and treatment of PTSD as a way to enhance its management among individuals receiving HIV care.

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Prevalence of Traumatic Events and Symptoms of PTSD Among South Africans Receiving an HIV Test

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Prevalence of potentially traumatic events and symptoms of depression, anxiety, hazardous alcohol use, and post-traumatic stress disorder among people with HIV initiating HIV care in Cameroon

Prevalence of potentially traumatic events and symptoms of depression, anxiety, hazardous alcohol use, and post-traumatic stress disorder among people with HIV initiating HIV care in Cameroon

Pattern and risk factors for suicidal behaviors of people accessing HIV care in Ogun State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey

Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Caseness Using the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 Among Patients Receiving Care for HIV

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