Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections (HBV, HCV, HIV and Treponema pallidum in Volunteer Blood Donors in Shirajganj District

Abstract

Blood and its components are essential for life and often required to be transfused in critical health condition. However, such transfusion is reported to be associated with the risk of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) with notable pathogens e.g. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum. These pathogens are of major public health concern especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Increase in the number of TTIs is found to be associated with improper management of safe blood transfusion protocol (SBTP) and unethical practices. This study focuses on the prevalence of such TTIs in volunteers’ blood collected between October and December 2018 from Sakhawath Memorial and Avicina Hospitals in Shirajgong district. Prevalence rate of HIV, HBsAg, HCV and Treponema pallidum were 1.2%, 6.8%, 0.8% and 1.6%, respectively. Among the infected individuals, 75% HIV positive cases were professionals, 70% HCV infected cases wwere from other professional groups and 50% of syphilis infected were homemakers. Male donors showed higher incidence rate of HBV (65%), HCV (72%) and HIV (85%) compared to the female donors. Although the findings of the study showed prevalence of TTIs in volunteer blood donors (VBDs) at an alarming rate, most of the infected individuals were not aware of their infections and potential risk of transmission from them. It is necessary to create awareness among blood donors about possible causes of transmission and prevention of infection . Such initiative from both governmental and non-governmental organizations can help reduce TTIs among VBDs.
 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 36 Number 2 December 2019, pp 105-109

Seroprevalence of the Serological Markers of Transfusion-Transmissible Infections among Volunteer Blood Donors of Kosti Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital

“…However" Arshad et al [15], Abebe et al [25], Adu-Poku et al [8], and Hroob et al [22] showed a lower HBsAg and higher anti-HCV rate compared to this study. In contrast, Hasan et al [31] showed a higher level of HBsAg but a lower rate of anti-HCV in male blood donors compared to our result. Warningly, we observed a substantial rise (p < 0.05) in the annual rate of TTIs and anti-T.pallidum, which is an extremely alarming condition.…”

“…This is consistent with previous local studies [11][12][13][14]. Globally, the published data [8,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] also indicated the low contribution of females in blood donations compared to males, which may result from numerous aspects, including pregnancy and menstruation. In Sudan, this could also partly be related to the culture of the community.…”

“…In line with Bdella et al [21], the overall rate of TTIs, anti-HIV1/2, and HBsAg, and the co-occurrence of multiple markers, were lower in students compared to car drivers but, in contrast, the rate of and anti-T.pallidum was higher in students than drivers. Dissimilar to our result, Hasan et al [31] reported a high rate of HBV in students than business personnel, and Abebe et al [25] showed a higher percentage of HBV and HCV infections in students than farmers. Comparable to Heyredin et al [28], we observed that TTIs were highest in farmers, followed by drivers, and then students and employees.…”

“…Regarding the screening, the overall seropositive rate of TTIs was 22.52%, which is higher than previous studies [8,[15][16][17][19][20][21][22][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][35][36][37][38]. It is also higher than studies performed in other states of Sudan [13,34,39], as well as a study [11] conducted in our study area formerly.…”

“…These findings were higher than those obtained in many previous studies [13,39] in Sudan. Comparatively, several studies from all over the world also reported a low seropositivity rate for anti-HIV1/2 [15][16][17][19][20][21][22]26,29,[31][32][33][35][36][37][38], anti-T.pallidum [8,[15][16][17][19][20][21][22]26,27,[29][30][31][32][33][35][36][37][38], and both HBsAg and anti-HCV [16,17,[19][20][21]24,29,30,32,33,[36][37][38] compared to the current study. In our...…”