Prevalence of Toxocariasis in Northeastern Brazil Based on Serology Using Recombinant Toxocara Canis Antigen

Coêlho, Raquel de Andrade Lima; Carvalho, Luiz Bezerra de; Perez, Emília Pessoa; Araki, Kunioki; Takeuchi, Tsutomu; Itō, Akira; Aoki, Takashi; Yamasaki, Hiroshi

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2005.72.103

Cited by 35 publications

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“…The ELISA system applied for paragonimiasis in this study was much more sensitive for diagnosis than detection of eggs as already shown (Figure 2) [11]. As it has already been shown that the ELISA for toxocariasis in this study showed no cross-reactions with ascariasis patients in Asia and Latin America [20], [21], we consider that it is highly specific to toxocariasis. As children are the most risky population for toxocariasis and the prevalence of T. canis in dogs in Cameroon was very high [9], we expected that 61 persons (36.3%) were really exposed to eggs of Toxocara [22], [23].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Serological Studies of Neurologic Helminthic Infections in Rural Areas of Southwest Cameroon: Toxocariasis, Cysticercosis and Paragonimiasis

et al. 2010

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BackgroundBoth epilepsy and paragonimiasis had been known to be endemic in Southwest Cameroon. A total of 188 people (168 and 20 with and without symptoms confirmed by clinicians, respectively, 84.6% under 20 years old) were selected on a voluntary basis. Among 14 people (8.3%) with history of epilepsy, only one suffered from paragonimiasis. Therefore, we challenged to check antibody responses to highly specific diagnostic recombinant antigens for two other helminthic diseases, cysticercosis and toxocariasis, expected to be involved in neurological diseases. Soil-transmitted helminthic infections were also examined.Methodology/Principal FindingsFecal samples were collected exclusively from the 168 people. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms were found from 56 (33.3%), 72 (42.8%), and 19 (11.3%) persons, respectively. Serology revealed that 61 (36.3%), 25 (14.9%) and 2 (1.2%) of 168 persons showed specific antibody responses to toxocariasis, paragonimiasis and cysticercosis, respectively. By contrast, 20 people without any symptoms as well as additional 20 people from Japan showed no antibody responses. Among the 14 persons with epilepsy, 5 persons were seropositive to the antigen specific to Toxocara, and one of them was simultaneously positive to the antigens of Paragonimus. The fact that 2 children with no history of epilepsy were serologically confirmed to have cysticercosis strongly suggests that serological survey for cysticercosis in children is expected to be useful for early detection of asymptomatic cysticercosis in endemic areas.Conclusions/SignificanceAmong persons surveyed, toxocariasis was more common than paragonimiasis, but cysticercosis was very rare. However, the fact that 2 children were serologically confirmed to have cysticercosis was very important, since it strongly suggests that serology for cysticercosis is useful and feasible for detection of asymptomatic cysticercotic children in endemic areas for the early treatment.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Serological Studies of Neurologic Helminthic Infections in Rural Areas of Southwest Cameroon: Toxocariasis, Cysticercosis and Paragonimiasis

et al. 2010

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“…By contrast, US seroprevalence rates are lower than reported for some middle income or developing countries, with rates of toxocariasis reaching 40% or higher in Indonesia and Brazil (Noordin et al 2005;De Andrade Lima Coelho et al 2005). Application of prevalence modeling to such settings may need to be sensitive to climatic and seasonal effects (e.g., Paquet-Durand et al 2007), as well as to major demographic variations (e.g., among aboriginal groups) (e.g., Fan et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Toxocara infection in the United States: the relevance of poverty, geography and demography as risk factors, and implications for estimating county prevalence

Congdon

Lloyd

2010

Int J Public Health

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“…No Brasil, estudos soroepidemiológicos sobre toxocaríase humana mostraram variação na prevalência de 7 a 54,8% 13,16,33,42,55,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66] .…”

Section: Epidemiologiaunclassified

Toxocariasis: visceral larva migrans in children

Carvalho¹,

Rocha²

2011

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objectives: To present a detailed investigation of risk factors, symptoms, and laboratory and imaging tests that may be useful to establish the clinical laboratory diagnosis of visceral larva migrans (VLM) in children, demonstrating the importance of diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications in the eyes, liver, and other organs. Sources:Literature review using the MEDLINE and LILACS (1952-2009) databases, selecting the most recent and representative articles on the topic. Summary of the findings:VLM is an infectious disease with nonspecific clinical presentation, whose transmission is related to contact with dogs, especially puppies, and which may progress to late systemic complications in vital organs such as the eyes and the central nervous system. IgG (ELISA) anti-T. canis can be used to establish the laboratory diagnosis. Higher cutoff points suggest recent illness and lower cutoff points demonstrate mild infection or infection in remission. Therapeutic response may be assessed by means of eosinophil blood cell count. The present article provides the pediatrician with updated information regarding VLM, a disease of high prevalence worldwide and in Brazil. Conclusions:The diagnosis of VLM depends mainly on the presence of dogs in the child's household, associated with ELISA (IgG anti-T. canis), using excretory-secretory antigens of Toxocara canis. Prospective studies are warranted to assess the best drug therapy. Prevention is the most important strategy because of the high prevalence of T. canis in urban areas.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(2):100-110: Toxocara canis, dogs, infection, epidemiology, ELISA, prevalence. ResumoObjetivos: Apresentar investigação detalhada de fatores de risco, sintomatologia, exames laboratoriais e de imagem que possam contribuir para o diagnóstico clínico-laboratorial da larva migrans visceral (LMV) em crianças e mostrar a importância do diagnóstico e do tratamento para evitar complicações oculares, hepáticas e em outros órgãos. Fontes dos dados:Revisão de literatura utilizando os bancos de dados MEDLINE e LILACS , selecionando os artigos mais atuais e representativos do tema. Síntese dos dados:LMV é uma doença infecciosa de apresentação clínica inespecífica cuja transmissão está relacionada ao contato com cães, principalmente filhotes, podendo evoluir com complicações sistêmicas tardias em órgãos vitais como o olho e sistema nervoso central. Para diagnóstico laboratorial, pode ser utilizado IgG (ELISA) anti-Toxocara canis, cujos pontos de corte mais elevados sugerem doença recente e, os mais baixos, infecção leve ou em resolução. A resposta terapêutica pode ser avaliada por meio da contagem de eosinófilos no sangue. Esse artigo atualiza o pediatra em relação à LMV, doença de alta prevalência no mundo e no Brasil.Conclusões: O diagnóstico de LMV depende principalmente da epidemiologia da presença de cães no domicílio da criança, associada ao ELISA (IgG para T. canis), utilizando antígenos Toxocara de excreção e secreção. São necessários estudos prospectivos para avali...

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Prevalence of Toxocariasis in Northeastern Brazil Based on Serology Using Recombinant Toxocara Canis Antigen

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Serological Studies of Neurologic Helminthic Infections in Rural Areas of Southwest Cameroon: Toxocariasis, Cysticercosis and Paragonimiasis

Serological Studies of Neurologic Helminthic Infections in Rural Areas of Southwest Cameroon: Toxocariasis, Cysticercosis and Paragonimiasis

Toxocara infection in the United States: the relevance of poverty, geography and demography as risk factors, and implications for estimating county prevalence

Toxocariasis: visceral larva migrans in children

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