Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from European wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in central Spain

Fuente, José de la; Naranjo, Victoria; Ruiz‐Fons, Francisco; Vicente, Joaquı́n; Estrada-Peña, Agustı́n; Almazán, Consuelo; Kocan, Katherine M.; Martín, Ma Paz; Gortázar, Christian

doi:10.1007/s10344-004-0060-1

Cited by 70 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although a similar ratio of male: female has been reported (Garcia-Sanmartin et al, 2008), most studies report that the number of males generally outnumbers the number of females (Moshaverinia et al, 2012;Papadopoulos et al, 1996;Yeruham et al, 1996). As mentioned, the primary hosts of this tick species include cattle, sheep, and goats; and less frequently dogs and smaller mammals, such as rabbits (de la Fuente et al, 2004a;Masala et al, 2012;Mihalca et al, 2012;Psaroulaki et al, 2006;Santos-Silva et al, 2011;Satta et al, 2011;Walker et al, 2000). Here, R. bursa ticks were removed mainly from large mammals such as cattle and horses; and in lesser numbers from goats, sheep, and dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Portugal and Spain, R. bursa is a proven vector of A. marginale and the infection of cattle, known as bovine anaplasmosis, caused by this pathogen has been already reported (Caeiro, 1999;de la Fuente et al, 2004a;Kocan et al, 2004). Bovine anaplasmosis is now known to be endemic in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, causing substantial economic losses to cattle industries (Kocan et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though less common, this tick can also be found in other domestic animals, as well as in wild ungulates and small-medium sized mammals and sporadically, in humans (de la Fuente et al, 2004b;Mihalca et al, 2012;Psaroulaki et al, 2006;Santos-Silva et al, 2011;Satta et al, 2011;Walker et al, 2000). R. bursa has been described as being involved in the transmission of agents of the genus Anaplasma (de la Fuente et al, 2004a), Babesia (Altay et al, 2008;M'Ghirbi et al, 2010) Theileria (Garcia-Sanmartin et al, 2008), Rickettsia (Boudebouch et al, 2009;de Sousa et al, 2006;Ioannou et al, 2011;Toledo et al, 2009) among others, with a known impact on animal health. The main objective of this study was to provide up-dated information regarding the currently circulating pathogens in R. bursa and their phylogenetic characterization, in Portugal Mainland, for the future development and planning of effective tick control measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and phylogenetic characterization of Theileria spp. and Anaplasma marginale in Rhipicephalus bursa in Portugal

Ferrolho

Antunes

Santos

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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a b s t r a c tTicks are obligatory blood-sucking arthropod (Acari:Ixodida) ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals as well as humans. The incidence of tick-borne diseases is rising worldwide, challenging our approach toward diagnosis, treatment and control options. Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini and Fanzago, 1877, a two-host tick widely distributed in the Palearctic Mediterranean region, is considered a multi-host tick that can be commonly found on sheep, goats and cattle, and occasionally on horses, dogs, deer and humans. R. bursa is a species involved in the transmission of several tick-borne pathogens with a known impact on animal health and production. The aim of this study was to estimate R. bursa prevalence in Portugal Mainland and circulating pathogens in order to contribute to a better knowledge of the impact of this tick species. Anaplasma marginale and Theileria spp. were detected and classified using phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of Theileria annulata and Theileria equi detection in R. bursa ticks feeding on cattle and horses, respectively, in Portugal. This study contributes toward the identification of currently circulating pathogens in this tick species as a prerequisite for developing future effective anti-tick control measures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and phylogenetic characterization of Theileria spp. and Anaplasma marginale in Rhipicephalus bursa in Portugal

Ferrolho

Antunes

Santos

et al. 2016

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…The DNA was resuspended in sterile distilled water and stored at Ϫ20°C until used. PCR and sequence analyses of Anaplasma 16S rRNA (8), A. marginale major surface protein 4 (msp4) (3), A. ovis msp4 (10), and A. phagocytophilum msp4 (4) genes were conducted as previously described (3,4,8,10). PCRs were performed with 1 l (0.1 to 10 ng) DNA using 10 pmol of each primer and the Ready-To-Go PCR beads (Amersham, Piscataway, NJ) or the Access reverse transcription-PCR system (Promega, Madison, WI).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Genotypes of Anaplasma Species and Habitat Suitability for Ticks in a Mediterranean Ecosystem

Torina

Alongi

Naranjo

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Anaplasma species are tick-transmitted pathogens that impact veterinary and human health. Sicily is one of the locations where these pathogens are endemic. Sicily represents a typical Mediterranean ecosystem to study Anaplasma infection and tick habitat suitability. The aims of this study were (i) to characterize by 16S rRNA and species-specific msp4 gene PCR the prevalence and genotypes of A. marginale, A. phagocytophilum, and A. ovis in the most abundant host species in Sicilian provinces and (ii) to correlate differences between hosts and between western and eastern Sicily with the habitat suitability for ticks in these regions. Differences were found in the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. between different hosts and between western and eastern provinces. The differences in Anaplasma prevalence between different hosts may be explained by pathogen host tropism. The differences between western and eastern provinces correlated with the tick habitat suitability in these regions. The analysis of Anaplasma genotypes suggested a higher host and regional specificity for A. phagocytophilum than for A. marginale and A. ovis strains, a finding probably associated with the broader host range of A. phagocytophilum. The presence of identical A. marginale genotypes in the two regions may reflect cattle movement. The results for A. ovis suggested the possibility of some genotypes being host specific. These results provide information potentially useful for the management of tick-borne diseases caused by Anaplasma spp. in Sicily and other Mediterranean regions and may contribute to the development of models to predict the risks for these tick-borne pathogens.

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“…A. phagocytophilum is the causative agent of HGA, tick-borne fever of ruminants, and equine and canine granulocytic anaplasmosis (21). I. ricinus is considered the main vector of A. phagocytophilum in Europe, although recent evidence suggests that other tick species may act as vectors in areas where I. ricinus is absent (15,16). Small mammals and ungulates are deemed the most relevant reservoirs of A. phagocytophilum in natural foci, with persistent infections occurring in domestic and wild ruminants (17,18,27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Factors Driving the Abundance of Ixodes ricinus Ticks and the Prevalence of Zoonotic I. ricinus-Borne Pathogens in Natural Foci

Ruiz‐Fons

Fernández-de-Mera

Acevedo

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

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ABSTRACTEnvironmental factors may drive tick ecology and therefore tick-borne pathogen (TBP) epidemiology, which determines the risk to animals and humans of becoming infected by TBPs. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of environmental factors on the abundance of immature-stageIxodes ricinusticks and on the prevalence of two zoonoticI. ricinus-borne pathogens in natural foci of endemicity.I. ricinusabundance was measured at nine sites in the northern Iberian Peninsula by dragging the vegetation with a cotton flannelette, and ungulate abundance was measured by means of dung counts. In addition to ungulate abundance, data on variables related to spatial location, climate, and soil were gathered from the study sites.I. ricinusadults, nymphs, and larvae were collected from the vegetation, and a representative subsample ofI. ricinusnymphs from each study site was analyzed by PCR for the detection ofBorrelia burgdorferisensu lato andAnaplasma phagocytophilumDNA. Mean prevalences of these pathogens were 4.0% ± 1.8% and 20.5% ± 3.7%, respectively. Statistical analyses confirmed the influence of spatial factors, climate, and ungulate abundance onI. ricinuslarva abundance, while nymph abundance was related only to climate. Interestingly, cattle abundance rather than deer abundance was the main driver ofB. burgdorferisensu lato andA. phagocytophilumprevalence inI. ricinusnymphs in the study sites, where both domestic and wild ungulates coexist. The increasing abundance of cattle seems to increase the risk of other hosts becoming infected byA. phagocytophilum, while reducing the risk of being infected byB. burgdorferisensu lato. Controlling ticks in cattle in areas where they coexist with wild ungulates would be more effective for TBP control than reducing ungulate abundance.

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Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) collected from European wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) in central Spain

Cited by 70 publications

References 49 publications

Detection and phylogenetic characterization of Theileria spp. and Anaplasma marginale in Rhipicephalus bursa in Portugal

Detection and phylogenetic characterization of Theileria spp. and Anaplasma marginale in Rhipicephalus bursa in Portugal

Prevalence and Genotypes of Anaplasma Species and Habitat Suitability for Ticks in a Mediterranean Ecosystem

Factors Driving the Abundance of Ixodes ricinus Ticks and the Prevalence of Zoonotic I. ricinus-Borne Pathogens in Natural Foci

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