Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in women in early pregnancy: does it increase with maternal age?

Diéguez, Marta; Herrero, Ana; Avello, Noelia; Suárez, Patricio; Delgado, Elías; Menéndez, Edelmiro

doi:10.1111/cen.12693

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The reason for this rather unexpected finding is probably due to the inclusion of patients with a suppressed serum TSH in the group of pregnant women without SCH. In a recent paper, specifically investigating the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in relation to women older than 30 years, no effect was noticed (34). Another reason why the results of the univariable analysis could not be confirmed might have been due to the 2.5 mIU/L cut-off level we used to define SCH in the categorical model.…”

Section: :3mentioning

confidence: 82%

Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in women with iron deficiency during early pregnancy: is it altered?

Veltri¹,

Decaillet²,

Kleynen³

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Thyroid disorders and iron deficiency (ID) are associated with obstetrical and fetal complications. Iron is essential for the normal functioning of thyroid peroxidase (TPO-abs) and ID is frequent during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and dysfunction during the first trimester of pregnancy in women with and without ID. Design: Cross-sectional data analysis of 1900 pregnant women nested within an ongoing prospective collection of pregnant women's data. Method: The study was performed in a single, tertiary referral center. During the first antenatal visit, ferritin, TPO-abs, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T 4 (FT 4 ) were measured and age and BMI were recorded. ID was defined as ferritin <15 µg/L, TAI when TPO-abs was >60 kIU/L, and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) when TSH was >2.5 mIU/L. Results: ID was present in 35% of women. Age and BMI were comparable between both groups. In the ID group, the prevalence of TAI and SCH was significantly higher, compared with that in the non-ID group (10% vs 6% and 20% vs 16%; P = 0.011 and 0.049 respectively). Ferritin was inversely correlated with serum TSH (ρ = −0.076; P = 0.001) and positive with FT 4 levels (ρ = 0.112; P < 0.001). In the logistic regression model, ID remained associated with TAI after correction for confounding factors (P = 0.017). The association with SCH was absent after correction for the confounders in the logistic regression model (P = 0.082), but remained present in the linear regression model (P = 0.035). Conclusions: ID was frequent during the first trimester of pregnancy and was associated with a higher prevalence of TAI, higher serum TSH, and lower FT 4 levels.

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Section: :3mentioning

confidence: 82%

Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in women with iron deficiency during early pregnancy: is it altered?

Veltri¹,

Decaillet²,

Kleynen³

et al. 2016

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The opposite was true in the SaBg group, in which the prevalence of TAI and that of smokers were the lowest. Older age is a variable associated with an increased prevalence of TAI . In the study of La'ulu and Roberts, the lower age of women in the African American study group as compared with the Caucasian group was the author's explanation for the lower prevalence of TAI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal thyroid parameters in pregnant women with different ethnic backgrounds: Do ethnicity‐specific reference ranges improve the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism?

Veltri

Belhomme

Kleynen

et al. 2017

Clinical Endocrinology

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“…For example, some studies applied drug utilization approaches or electronic health record analysis based on prescriptions data, pharmacy claims, or surveys to identify consumption of antithyroid medication and estimate the prevalence of treated hypothyroidism [21, 51-54]. Furthermore, many studies investigated the prevalence of this disorder or its role as a risk factor for other diseases in specific populations, for example in pregnant women, patients with diabetes, patients with cardiovascular diseases, or immunocompromised individuals [12, 24, 55-59]. Therefore, there is room and need for systematically review of the evidence on the prevalence of undiagnosed hypothyroidism in the general population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Undiagnosed Hypothyroidism in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mendes

Alves

Silverio³

et al. 2019

Eur Thyroid J

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Background: Patients with undiagnosed hypothyroidism are not treated for the disease and are at high risk of developing serious complications, with major impact on public health. There is a need to systematically review the available evidence on this topic. Objective: To identify the prevalence of undiagnosed hypothyroidism in Europe. Methods: A systematic review of the literature (Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central) was performed to identify epidemiological studies on the prevalence of undiagnosed hypothyroidism among European populations published between January 2008 and April 2018. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to pool estimates of proportions (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of undiagnosed (1) subclinical, (2) overt, and (3) total hypothyroidism. Results: The search returned 15,565 citations (4,526 duplicates). Twenty papers were included in the study. Fourteen and 6 studies were of good and moderate methodological quality, respectively. The results of the meta-analyses were as follows for the prevalence of undiagnosed hypothyroidism: subclinical, 4.11% (95% CI 3.05–5.31%, I² = 99.32%); overt, 0.65% (95% CI 0.38–0.99%, I² = 96.67%); and total, 4.70% (95% CI 2.98–6.79%, I² = 99.53%). According to the sensitivity analysis, the prevalence of hypothyroidism tends to be higher in female patients, in those aged ≥65 years, among studies with lower sample sizes, in those with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels <4.5 mIU/L, and in Eastern and Southern Europe. Conclusions: The current evidence suggests that a considerable proportion of the European population has hypothyroidism, particularly subclinical hypothyroidism, which is undiagnosed. This issue deserves further investigation because of possible deleterious consequences for public health.

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Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in women in early pregnancy: does it increase with maternal age?

Abstract: TD affects one in six pregnant women in an iodine-sufficient population. Maternal age ≥30 years do not increase the risk of TD.

Cited by 47 publications

References 39 publications

Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in women with iron deficiency during early pregnancy: is it altered?

Prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity and dysfunction in women with iron deficiency during early pregnancy: is it altered?

Maternal thyroid parameters in pregnant women with different ethnic backgrounds: Do ethnicity‐specific reference ranges improve the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism?

Prevalence of Undiagnosed Hypothyroidism in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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