Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among women during the first trimester of pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital in Haryana

Abstract

Background:Undetected and untreated thyroid disorders are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. There are limited data on the prevalence of newly diagnosed thyroid disease during pregnancy from India. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, especially hypothyroidism during the first trimester of pregnancy.Materials and Methods:The present cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of endocrinology and antenatal clinic in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak over a period of 1-year. The total sample population comprised of 461 pregnant women with uncomplicated intrauterine singleton pregnancies in the first trimester of gestation without any history of thyroid disease or intake of any thyroid medication. Morning blood samples from the participants were analyzed for thyroid function tests, which included FT3, FT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO).Results:A total of 461 women were enrolled for this study. Mean maternal age was 23.79 ± 3.47 years. Median gestational age was 8 weeks 5 days. The median FT3, FT4 and TSH were 3.3 pg/mL, 1.25 ng/dL, and 1.40 mIU/L, respectively. Anti-TPO was elevated in 128 (27.8%) pregnant women. 99 (21.5%) women had sub-clinical hypothyroidism and 39 (39.4%) among them were positive for anti-TPO (P ≤ 0.001). 2 (0.4%) of women had overt hyperthyroidism, whereas 15 (3.3%) of the women had sub-clinical hyperthyroidism.Conclusion:Considering the immense impact that maternal thyroid dysfunction has on maternal and fetal outcomes, prompt identification of thyroid dysfunction and its timely treatment is essential. Thus, universal screening of pregnant women for thyroid dysfunction should be considered especially in a country like India due to the high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction.

Iodine and Thyroid Function Status, and Anti-thyroid Peroxidase Antibody among Pregnant Women in Eastern Nepal

“…In a study among Indian pregnant women in first trimester, elevated anti-TPO was observed in 27.8% pregnant women. 26 In a study among Spanish pregnant women, anti-TPO level was 0.08 UI/ml, 0.09 UI/ml and 0.09 UI/ml among first, second and third trimester respectively, and 85.22% had normal values for TPO antibody. 27 Our findings suggest that there was mild autoimmunity towards TPO protein in the study population.…”

Comparative study of feto-maternal outcome in clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism

“…3 In North India, there is a high prevalence of hypothyroidism, majority being subclinical in pregnant women during first trimester as in studies by Dhanwal et al (14.3%), and Rajput et al (26.5%); necessitating routine screening. 5,17 In present study majority women were in age group of 20-30 years in both groups I and II (85% versus 71.15%) and primigravidas were (43.75% versus 40.38%). In another study by Pavanganga et al, in 20-30 years age group 93% versus 95% women were in subclinical and clinical groups and primigravida were 56% vs 58% in both groups.…”

Specific Reference Intervals of Serum Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine, and Thyroid-stimulating Hormone in Normal Pregnant Indian Women as per Trimester

“…12 In recent years, various studies recommend the use of routine thyroid function tests for screening of thyroid disease during normal antenatal checkup. 13,14 Hence, selection and proper interpretation of gestational thyroid function parameters are important for the well-being of both the mother and the fetus. This study is the first of its kind in the Ranchi area, and, presently, no such pan-Indian reference population data are available.…”