Prevalence of thoracic vertebral malformations in French bulldogs, Pugs and English bulldogs with and without associated neurological deficits

Ryan, Richard J.; Gutierrez‐Quintana, Rodrigo; Haar, Gert ter; Decker, Steven De

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.01.018

Cited by 86 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Disc degeneration is associated with the biomechanical changes of the vertebral column . Pugs have higher rate of hemivertebra in their thoracic spine associated with signs of neurological dysfunction compared to other screw‐tailed brachycephalic breeds . In 2 case series, 3 of 5 Pugs had hemivertebrae and 1 of 5 Pugs had spondylosis deformans in the vertebra associated with SAD .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Short‐ and long‐term outcome and magnetic resonance imaging findings after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 Pugs

Alisauskaite

Cizinauskas

Jeserevics

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background There is a successful outcome after surgical management of spinal arachnoid diverticula (SAD) in up to 82% of cases. Hypothesis/Objectives We hypothesized that Pugs have favorable short‐term and poor long‐term prognosis after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar SAD. The aim of the present investigation was to describe clinical findings, short‐ and long‐term outcomes, and follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in Pugs with thoracolumbar SAD. Animals Twenty‐five client owned Pugs with 12‐month follow‐up information after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar SAD. Methods Multicenter retrospective case series. All medical records were searched for Pugs diagnosed with SAD. Data regarding signalment, history, surgical procedure, outcome, histopathology, and follow‐up MRI results were extracted. Results Mean age at presentation was 7.32 (range 2‐11) years, 80% were males. Short‐term outcome was available in 25 dogs, and improvement was confirmed in 80% of dogs. Long‐term outcome was available in 21 dogs, and deterioration was confirmed in 86% of cases, with late‐onset recurrence of clinical signs after initial postsurgical improvement affecting 85% of Pugs. A moderate correlation (r = 0.50) was found between duration of clinical signs and outcome. In 8 dogs with deteriorating clinical signs, follow‐up MRI revealed regrowth of the SAD in 2 cases, new SAD formation in 2 cases, and intramedullary T2W hyperintensity/syringomyelia in 6 cases. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study suggests that Pugs with thoracolumbar SAD do not have a favorable long‐term prognosis after surgical treatment for reasons yet to be determined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Short‐ and long‐term outcome and magnetic resonance imaging findings after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 Pugs

Alisauskaite

Cizinauskas

Jeserevics

et al. 2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The true prevalence of vertebral malformation is however higher in FB, as asymptomatic dogs may present this abnormality [33], while only symptomatic FBs were included in the present study. A recent study showed indeed that vertebral malformations in neurologically normal FBs were detected in 93.5% of cases, and were more frequently observed than in other chondrodystrophic brachycephalic dog [34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of neurological disorders in French bulldog: a retrospective study of 343 cases (2002–2016)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundFrench Bulldog (FB) has significantly gained in popularity over the last few years, and seems to be frequently affected by various neurological conditions. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the prevalences of neurological diseases in a large population of FB, presented with neurological signs between 2002 and 2016, and for which a definitive diagnosis was established. A secondary objective was to identify epidemiological characteristics regarding specific diseases in this singular breed.ResultsDuring the study period, 533 FBs were presented for neurological signs, representing 18.7% of all admitted FBs (N = 2846). In total, 343 FBs with definitive diagnosis were included in this descriptive epidemiological study. Hansen type I intervertebral disk herniation (IVDH) was by far the most common neurological disorder (45.5% of all cases). The IVDH location was cervical in 39.8%, and thoracolumbar in 60.2% of cases. The median ages for cervical and thoracolumbar IVDH were 4.2 and 4 years, respectively. C3-C4 was the most commonly affected disk (57.8% of cervical IDVH) all locations combined. Spinal arachnoid diverticulum (SAD) was detected in 25 FBs, representing the second most common myelopathy (11.3%). A concurrent spinal abnormality was identified in 64.0% of SAD cases. Brain tumours represented 36.8% of encephalopathies, with glioma (confirmed or suspected) being the most common. Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) represented 25.0% of brain disorders, females less than 5.5 years being more likely to be affected. Aside from central nervous system conditions, otitis interna associated with peripheral vestibular signs and bilateral congenital deafness (associated with white coat) were also common.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that FB seems to be prone to several neurological diseases. IVDH is clearly predominant in FB and cervical location seems more represented than in other breeds. FBs affected by IVDH tend to be younger than previously described, either for both cervical and thoracolumbar locations. Thoracic SAD was the second most common myelopathy, with a concurrent spinal anomaly identified in two thirds of the cases. MUO was more likely to affect young to middle-aged females. These findings could be of interest for owners, breeders, practicing veterinarians and insurance companies.

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“…These limitations could be overcome by using other large animal models of naturally occurring SB such as Pugs and English bulldogs. In those animals, the prevalence of SB is as high as 38.2% and 2.4%, respectively . Third, the embryology and anatomy of the fetal lamb, uterus, and placenta differ from humans, which in turn may impede extrapolation or testing of specific techniques or instrumentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of fetal surgery techniques to close a spina bifida defect in the fetal lamb model: A systematic review

et al. 2018

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The experimental literature on prenatal SB closure underscores the lack of standardization. At present, there is animal experimental evidence that a 2-layer closure by hysterotomy is safe and effective. This technique is currently clinically used in a subset of patients. As new clinical techniques are introduced, it would seem logic to preclinically validate them against this experimental standard.

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Prevalence of thoracic vertebral malformations in French bulldogs, Pugs and English bulldogs with and without associated neurological deficits

Cited by 86 publications

References 13 publications

Short‐ and long‐term outcome and magnetic resonance imaging findings after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 Pugs

Short‐ and long‐term outcome and magnetic resonance imaging findings after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar spinal arachnoid diverticula in 25 Pugs

Prevalence of neurological disorders in French bulldog: a retrospective study of 343 cases (2002–2016)

Safety and efficacy of fetal surgery techniques to close a spina bifida defect in the fetal lamb model: A systematic review

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