Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2003-2012

Aguilar, María; Bhuket, Taft; Torres, Sharon; Liu, Benny; Wong, Robert J.

doi:10.1001/jama.2015.4260

Cited by 1,047 publications

(727 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…22,23 Recent reports have shown a decrease in the prevalence of MetS among US adults, attributed to increased awareness and pharmaceutical treatment of the individual components of MetS. 24,25 The goal of the current study was to investigate for trends in MetS prevalence (by using modified ATP-III criteria) and severity (using MetS z scores 20 ) in US adolescents. Our hypothesis was that the decreasing trends observed in adults would not be observed in US adolescents because of the persisting childhood obesity epidemic.…”

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confidence: 99%

Trends in Metabolic Syndrome Severity and Lifestyle Factors Among Adolescents

2016

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Trends in Metabolic Syndrome Severity and Lifestyle Factors Among Adolescents

2016

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“…In studies from China, the prevalence of hypertension is high; although lipid abnormalities and diabetes mellitus are increasing, they tend to be lower compared with the United States 6. In the United States, hypertension is also common, but so are obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus 7, 8. If there are differences in the risk factor profiles of the 2 countries, it is also not clear if the differences are a result of a contrast in the underlying prevalence of the risk factors or marked differences in treatment and control of the risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China and the United States

Pei²,

Zhou

et al. 2018

JAHA

126

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BackgroundThe reasons for China's high stroke prevalence are not well understood. The cardiovascular risk factor profiles of China and the United States have not been directly compared in nationally representative population samples.Methods and ResultsUsing data from the CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) and the NHANES (US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), we compared cardiovascular risk factors from 2011 to 2012 among people aged 45 to 75 years between the 2 countries (China, 12 654 people; United States, 2607 people): blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Compared with the United States, China had a lower prevalence of hypertension but a higher mean blood pressure and a higher proportion of patients with severe hypertension (≥160/100 mm Hg) (10.5% versus 4.5%). China had substantially lower rates of hypertension treatment (46.8% versus 77.9%) and control (20.3% versus 54.7%). Dyslipidemia was less common in China, but lipid levels were not significantly different because dyslipidemia awareness and control rates in China were 3‐ and 7‐fold lower than US rates, respectively. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, body mass index, and waist circumference were significantly lower in China than in the United States. Clustering of hypertension with other cardiovascular risk factors was more common in China.ConclusionsHypertension is more common in the United States, but blood pressure levels are higher in China, which may be responsible for China's high stroke prevalence. The low rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension provide an exceptional opportunity for China to reduce risk in its population.

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“…It affects approximately 1 in 3 Americans, women more so than men 1. Metabolic syndrome contributes considerably to cardiovascular mortality,2, 3, 4, 5, 6 particularly among women 7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Hess

Al‐Khalidi

Friedman

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundPrior studies have demonstrated a link between the metabolic syndrome and increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Whether the metabolic syndrome is associated with sudden cardiac death is uncertain.Methods and ResultsWe characterized the relationship between sudden cardiac death and metabolic syndrome status among participants of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study (1987–2012) free of prevalent coronary heart disease or heart failure. Among 13 168 participants, 357 (2.7%) sudden cardiac deaths occurred during a median follow‐up of 23.6 years. Participants with the metabolic syndrome (n=4444) had a higher cumulative incidence of sudden cardiac death than those without it (n=8724) (4.1% versus 2.3%, P<0.001). After adjustment for participant demographics and clinical factors other than components of the metabolic syndrome, the metabolic syndrome was independently associated with sudden cardiac death (hazard ratio, 1.70, 95% confidence interval, 1.37–2.12, P<0.001). This relationship was not modified by sex (interaction P=0.10) or race (interaction P=0.62) and was mediated by the metabolic syndrome criteria components. The risk of sudden cardiac death varied according to the number of metabolic syndrome components (hazard ratio 1.31 per additional component of the metabolic syndrome, 95% confidence interval, 1.19–1.44, P<0.001). Of the 5 components, elevated blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, and low high‐density lipoprotein were independently associated with sudden cardiac death.ConclusionsWe observed that the metabolic syndrome was associated with a significantly increased risk of sudden cardiac death irrespective of sex or race. The risk of sudden cardiac death was proportional to the number of metabolic syndrome components.

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Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2003-2012

Cited by 1,047 publications

References 6 publications

Trends in Metabolic Syndrome Severity and Lifestyle Factors Among Adolescents

Trends in Metabolic Syndrome Severity and Lifestyle Factors Among Adolescents

Comparison of Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in China and the United States

The Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

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