Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Hemodialysis

Abstract

Background Recently, the concept of the metabolic syndrome (MS) has emerged in an effort to group and study as a whole several cardiovascular risk factors. The definition of the metabolic syndrome requires the presence of 3 or more of the following parameters: high blood pressure (≥30/85), waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women, HDL<50 mg/dL in men and <40 mg/dL in women, serum triglycerides >150 mg/dL and fasting blood glucose ≥110 mg/dL. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of the MS and the specific patient characteristics in a cohort of hemodialysis patients. Mterials and Methods 102 stable patients on maintenance hemodialysis (63 male/39 female with a mean time on dialysis of 57.19 ± 47.16 months) were studied for 12 months. Results The prevalence of the MS is high (56.25%) during the first year on dialysis and gradually declines (44.8% from 2–5 years and 29.7% for >5 years). In total 41/102 patients had MS (40.19%); 28/41 were men (68.29%) and 13/41 women (31.7%). The prevalence of MS in males was 44.4% (28/63) and 33.3% (13/39) in females, while the most frequent combination of risk factors in MS patients was high blood pressure-high waist circumference-high levels of serum triglycerides (36.58%). Serum triglycerides >150 mg/dL is the most frequent component of the MS both in well-nourished patients and according to the duration of dialysis (58.53% for 0–5 years and 19.51% for >5 years on dialysis). MS patients had a better nutritional status and were on dialysis for less time than their non-MS (NMS) counterparts. Actual or anamnestic cardiovascular events and infections did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions Our study provides new data concerning the prevalence of the MS and the specific patient characteristics in a hemodialysis population. The prevalence of MS in hemodialysis patients is high (40.19%) and seems to reflect a state of good nutrition compared to patients without the MS. Furthermore, the MS is more common in the first years of dialysis (42.46±34.29 months) than later on (67.25±52.15 months) probably reflecting the long term consequences of the hemodialysis treatment. Our results also indicate that although patients in the MS group were well-nourished and for a shorter time on dialysis, they were not protected from cardiovascular disease and infections. Our study provides new data concerning both the prevalence of the MS and a variety of patient characteristics in a hemodialysis population. Further research and a larger number of patients are required in order to clarify the precise role of this syndrome in patients on MHD.

Association of Inflammatory Biomarkers with Metabolic Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In this study, the prevalence was 59.5%, which is consistent with high prevalence of MeS in general Iranian population (50.8%). 24 Relatively little is known about the precise causes of such a high prevalence.…”

“…The prevalence of MeS in HD patients is reported from 40% to 60%. [1][2][3][4][5] This syndrome is considered as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, mortality, and chronic kidney disease in the general population. [6][7][8][9] MeS also is a predictive parameter of mortality for HD patients, 10,11 and predicts hospitalization in these patients.…”

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among the End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Hemodialysis

“…In our study, the prevalence of MetS was 38.2%, which is lower than in the other reported study; this is likely because the mean HD duration in our study was 5.8 years [17, 18]. In 2011, a study conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in ESRD patients on HD showed that 58% had MetS [19].…”

New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in the Kidney Recipient

“…This knowledge obligates a methodical approach to diabetes screening and management that begins with a patient's initial pretransplantation visit, continuing Finally, screening and management of two additional risk factors for NODM in kidney recipients should be commenced during pretransplantation evaluation. First, because metabolic syndrome is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (34), screening for its components should be performed (19) to permit intervention as appropriate. Second, for HCV-infected candidates, the pretransplantation setting provides an opportunity to attempt viral clearance with interferon therapy.…”