Prevalence of the impaired glucose metabolism and its association with risk factors for coronary artery disease in women with gestational diabetes

Rivero, Katia; Portal, Vera Lúcia; Vieira, Matias C.; Behle, Ivo

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.10.015

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Gestational diabetes is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular dysfunction, although it is unclear whether this occurs apart from a diagnosis of post-partum glucose intolerance and diabetes. Compared with women with healthy pregnancies, women with histories of gestational diabetes have elevations in cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure [24][25][26][27][28] and unfavourable changes in HDL and triglyceride levels [24][25][26][27][28][29]. Women with histories of gestational diabetes had greater vascular resistance, lower stroke volume, lower cardiac output [30] and higher intimal medial thickness compared with women without histories of gestational diabetes [31].…”

Section: Risk Of Recurrence Of Gestational Diabetes Post-partum Diabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal outcomes and follow‐up after gestational diabetes mellitus

Kim

2014

Diabet. Med.

127

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Gestational diabetes mellitus reflects impaired maternal insulin secretion relative to demand prior to pregnancy, as well as temporary metabolic stressors imposed by the placenta and fetus. Thus, after delivery, women with gestational diabetes have increased risk of diabetes and recurrent gestational diabetes because of their underlying impairment, which may be further exacerbated by fat accretion during pregnancy and post-partum deterioration in lifestyle behaviours. This hypothetical model is discussed in greater detail, particularly the uncertainty regarding pregnancy as an accelerator of β-cell decline and the role of gestational weight gain. This report also presents risk estimates for future glucose intolerance and diabetes and reviews modifiable risk factors, particularly body mass and lifestyle alterations, including weight loss and breastfeeding. Non-modifiable risk factors such as race/ethnicity and insulin use during pregnancy are also discussed. The review concludes with current literature on lifestyle modification, recommendations for post-partum glucose screening, and future directions for research to prevent maternal disease.

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Section: Risk Of Recurrence Of Gestational Diabetes Post-partum Diabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal outcomes and follow‐up after gestational diabetes mellitus

Kim

2014

Diabet. Med.

127

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“…163 There are several potential mediators of the association between GDM and CVD events in addition to DM, although they were not examined in the above reports. Compared with women with healthy pregnancies, women with histories of GDM more commonly have cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension 164,[168][169][170][171] and unfavorable changes in HDL-C and triglyceride levels. [168][169][170][171][172][173] Women with histories of GDM had greater vascular resistance, lower stroke volume, lower cardiac output, 174 and greater intima-media thickness compared with women without histories of GDM.…”

Section: Gdm and Cardiovascular Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Cardiovascular Consequences of Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2015

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Currently, ≈1 in 13 people living in the United States has DM, and 90% to 95% of these individuals have type 2 DM (T2DM).2 Overall, the prevalence of T2DM is similar in women and men. In the United States, ≈12.6 million women (10.8%) and 13 million men (11.8%) ≥20 years of age are currently estimated to have T2DM. 2 Among individuals with T2DM, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and accounts for >75% of hospitalizations and >50% of all deaths.3 Although nondiabetic women have fewer cardiovascular events than nondiabetic men of the same age, this advantage appears to be lost in the context of T2DM. 4,5 The reasons for this advantage are not entirely clear but are likely multifactorial with contributions from inherent physiological differences, including the impact of the sex hormones, differences in cardiovascular risk factors, and differences between the sexes in the diagnosis and treatment of DM and CVD. 6 In addition, there are racial and ethnic factors to consider because women of ethnic minority backgrounds have a higher prevalence of DM than non-Hispanic white (NHW) women.This scientific statement was designed to provide the current state of knowledge about sex differences in the cardiovascular consequences of DM, and it will identify areas that would benefit from further research because much is still unknown about sex differences in DM and CVD. Areas that are discussed include hormonal differences between the sexes and their possible effects on the interaction between DM and CVD, sex differences in epidemiology, ethnic and racial differences and risk factors for CVD in DM across the life span, sex differences in various types of CVD and heart failure, and sex differences in the effects of treatments for DM, including both medications and lifestyle. In addition, there is discussion about risk factors that are specific to women, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which affect CVD risk. Table 1 focuses on sex differences in CVD risk factors and outcomes in DM, and Table 2 provides information about sex differences in CVD treatments and interventions in DM. Table 3 contains some of the important ideas for research in sex differences in the cardiovascular consequences of DM. The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.This statement was approved by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee on July 31, 2015, and the American Heart Association Executive Committee on September 5, 2015. A copy of the document is available at http://my.americanheart.org/statements by selecting either the "By...

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“…8 Fourthly, high prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the SEAR may be due to higher risk among the offspring of mother with gestational diabetes. 10 Finally, though not documented, frequency of congenital malformations and low birth weight and fetal loss appears to be higher in Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and perinatal outcomes in GDM and non-GDM in a rural pregnancy cohort of Bangladesh

Sayeed¹,

Jahan

Rhaman³

et al. 2014

Ibrahim Med. Coll. J.

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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes such as large for gestational age (LGA), excess fetal adiposity and cesarean delivery. This study addressed the prevalence of diabetes in pregnancy and to compare the perinatal outcomes between GDM and non-GDM in a rural pregnancy cohort of Bangladesh. Ten villages were purposively selected in a rural area about 100 km off Dhaka City. A population census was conducted. A randomized sample of married women of age 15-45y was drawn from the census data. These women having either regular menstruation (non-regnant) or cessation of menstruation for ≥24weeks (pregnant) were considered eligible. Both the pregnant and non-pregnant women were invited to volunteer the study. Weight, height, waist-and hip-girth and blood pressure were taken. Fasting blood sample was collected for the estimation of plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (chol), high-density lipoprotein (HDL). FPG >5.1 mmol/L was taken as cut-off for hyperglycemia in non-pregnant and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) for the pregnant women. The biophysical characteristics were compared between pregnant and non-pregnant; and then GDM and non-GDM. Only the pregnant women were taken as a pregnancy cohort. The cohort had followup from 24wks of pregnancy through 28 post-natal days. Results The census yielded 23545 (m / f=11896 / 11649) people of all ages. The married women of age 15-45y were 4526. Of them, 2100 were randomly selected for investigation and 1585 (75.5%) volunteered. The overall prevalence (95% CI) of hyperglycemia (FPG >5.1 mmol/L) was 18.5% (16.7 -20.3). The prevalence of GDM was 8.9% (7.0 -10.8) and non-GDM was 19. 8% (18.8 -20.8). The BMI and WHR were significantly higher in the pregnant than non-pregnant women; whereas, there was no significant difference between GDM and non-GDM group. The prevalence rates of abortions, stillbirths, hospital delivery, cesarean delivery, hospital stay ≥7days, puerperal sepsis and neonatal death did not differ between GDM and non-GDM subjects significantly. The prevalence of GDM in rural Bangladesh is comparable with any other population with higher prevalence of GDM. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was found significantly higher in the non-pregnant than the pregnant women. The anthropometric measures did not differ significantly between GDM and non-GDM though FPG was found significantly higher in the former. Compared with the non-GDM the GDM subjects had no significantly higher fetomaternal morbidity and mortality possibly due to non-sedentary habit, non-obesity, non-dyslipidemia or may be due to inherent genetic makeup. A well designed study in a larger sample may explain our findings.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2013; 7(2): 21-27

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Prevalence of the impaired glucose metabolism and its association with risk factors for coronary artery disease in women with gestational diabetes

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Maternal outcomes and follow‐up after gestational diabetes mellitus

Maternal outcomes and follow‐up after gestational diabetes mellitus

Sex Differences in the Cardiovascular Consequences of Diabetes Mellitus

Prevalence and perinatal outcomes in GDM and non-GDM in a rural pregnancy cohort of Bangladesh

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