Prevalence of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infections in adults

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the major sources of widespread infectious diseases in the community as well as in the hospitals which increase the cause of morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogenic E. coli isolates has been found to be increased rapidly across the world. The present study was undertaken to find out the frequency of bla , bla and bla genes among E. coli isolates from UTI and detect their sensitivity pattern. A total of 112 non-repeated E. coli isolates obtained from urine samples of UTI diagnosed patients were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc diffusion method. Seventy seven (68.75%) isolates were MDR and tested for ESBL. ESBL-positive isolates were screened for bla, bla , and bla genes by monoplex PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Among 46 ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, 8.69% harboured all the three bla genes. The bla was the predominant (93.47%) gene followed by bla (82.6%) and bla (4.34%). It can be concluded that the prevalence of MDR (multidrug resistance) ESBL-producing E. coli appears to be high and the highest identified gene was bla. The knowledge of resistance pattern can help physician's select suitable empirical antibiotic regimens, so that antibiotics showing high-resistance pattern can be avoided.

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Genotypes among Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from a Teaching Hospital of Nepal

“…In this study, we found a high proportion of E. coli (64.9%) isolates to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Our findings on MDR bacteria in UTI cases are compatible with the reports from different parts of the world, including Nepal [17,28,32,33]. ese MDR E. coli strains are common in the study hospital as we previously reported the similar findings in pediatric UTI cases [34].…”

“…Alongside, we observed diverse genotypes of ESBL among E coli isolates. In this study, bla-TEM (83.8%) was the most predominant genotype of ESBL among E coli isolates, which is well supported by a recent Indian study [32]. However, the bla-CTX-M gene has been described as the most common genotype of ESBL among enterobacteriaceae in several literatures [40][41][42].…”

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase–production in Escherichia coli isolated from door handles in Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria

“…These results are of paramount significance to public health considering the fact that ESBL genes are plasmid-mediated and are usually associated with transposons and insertion sequences [36, 37, 38, 39], which imply that they are easily transmissible to other strains of the same or different species. The exchange of plasmids between bacterial cells and the integration of resistance genes into transferrable genetic elements plays a major role in acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria isolates [40, 41, 42, 43, 44].…”

In Vivo Efficacy of Meropenem with a Novel Non-β-Lactam–β-Lactamase Inhibitor, Nacubactam, against Gram-Negative Organisms Exhibiting Various Resistance Mechanisms in a Murine Complicated Urinary Tract Infection Model

“…Antimicrobials represent the standard of care for UTIs, albeit treatment has steadily become more difficult due to the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, specifically, Gram-negative isolates. Common antimicrobials used for the treatment of UTIs, such as fluoroquinolones and ␤-lactams, are often no longer effective, with upwards of 50% of urinary tract infections now caused by MDR organisms (4,5).…”