Prevalence of suspected dementia in a sample of adults living in Kinshasa‐Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ikanga, Jean; Reyes, Anny; Kaba, Didine; Akilimali, Pierre; Mampunza, Samuel; Epenge, Emmanuel; Gikelekele, Guy; Kavugho, Immaculée; Tshengele, Nathan; Hammers, Dustin B.; Alonso, Alvaro

doi:10.1002/alz.13003

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Based on cognitive and functional deficits for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) diagnostic criteria ( 36 ), we used Brazzaville cut-offs of CSID, the closest city from Kinshasa, to classify participants ( 37 ). Similar to our prior study ( 38 ), participants were classified using CSID and AQ scores (see Figure 1 ), which yielded 4 groups: major neurocognitive disorder/dementia, mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), subjective cognitive impairment, and healthy control (HC), i.e., normal cognition. For the AQ, only the total score was used, based out of 27 possible points and with a cutoff score of 13 or more points suggestive of dementia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cognitive functioning was evaluated using the learning and memory subtests from the ANB, including the: African List Memory Test (ALMT; verbal learning and memory; long delay free recall correct score) and African Visuospatial Memory Test (AVMT; visuospatial memory; long delay recall correct score). The ANB has been shown to have good psychometric properties in evaluating effects of aging and neurological disease alongside providing culturally and linguistically appropriate neuropsychological measures for SSA countries ( 38 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of the African neuropsychology battery memory subtests and learning slopes in discriminating APOE 4 and amyloid pathology in adult individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Ikanga,

Patrick,

Schwinne

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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BackgroundThe current study examined the sensitivity of two memory subtests and their corresponding learning slope metrics derived from the African Neuropsychology Battery (ANB) to detect amyloid pathology and APOEε4 status in adults from Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Methods85 participants were classified for the presence of β-amyloid pathology and based on allelic presence of APOEε4 using Simoa. All participants were screened using CSID and AQ, underwent verbal and visuospatial memory testing from ANB, and provided blood samples for plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, and APOE proteotype. Pearson correlation, linear and logistic regression were conducted to compare amyloid pathology and APOEε4 status with derived learning scores, including initial learning, raw learning score, learning over trials, and learning ratio.ResultsOur sample included 35 amyloid positive and 44 amyloid negative individuals as well as 42 without and 39 with APOEε4. All ROC AUC ranges for the prediction of amyloid pathology based on learning scores were low, ranging between 0.56–0.70 (95% CI ranging from 0.44–0.82). The sensitivity of all the scores ranged between 54.3–88.6, with some learning metrics demonstrating good sensitivity. Regarding APOEε4 prediction, all AUC values ranged between 0.60–0.69, with all sensitivity measures ranging between 53.8–89.7. There were minimal differences in the AUC values across learning slope metrics, largely due to the lack of ceiling effects in this sample.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that some ANB memory subtests and learning slope metrics can discriminate those that are normal from those with amyloid pathology and those with and without APOEε4, consistent with findings reported in Western populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of the African neuropsychology battery memory subtests and learning slopes in discriminating APOE 4 and amyloid pathology in adult individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Ikanga,

Patrick,

Schwinne

et al. 2024

Front. Neurol.

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“…The ANB has been shown to have good psychometric properties in evaluating effects of aging and neurological disease alongside providing culturally and linguistically appropriate neuropsychological measures for SSA countries. 35…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 Based on cognitive and functional deficits for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR) diagnostic criteria, 33 we used Brazzaville cut-offs of CSID, the closest city from Kinshasa, to classify participants. 34 Similar to our prior study, 35 participants were classified using CSID and AQ scores (see Figure 1), which yielded 4 groups: major neurocognitive disorder/dementia, mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), subjective cognitive impairment, and healthy control (HC), i.e., normal cognition.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of the African Neuropsychology Battery Memory Subtests and Learning Slopes in Discriminating APOE 4 and Amyloid Pathology in Adult Individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Ikanga,

Patrick,

Schwinne

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundThe current study examined the sensitivity of two memory subtests and their corresponding learning slope metrics derived from the African Neuropsychology Battery (ANB) to detect amyloid pathology and APOEε4 status in adults from Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.Methods85 participants were classified for the presence of β-amyloid pathology and based on allelic presence of APOEε4. All participants were screened using CSID and AQ, underwent verbal and visuospatial memory testing from ANB, and provided blood samples for plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, and APOE proteotype. Pearson correlation, linear and logistic regression were conducted to compare amyloid pathology and APOEε4 status with derived learning scores, including initial learning, raw learning score, learning over trials, and learning ratio.ResultsOur sample included 35 amyloid positive and 44 amyloid negative individuals as well as 42 without and 39 with APOEε4. All ROC AUC ranges for the prediction of amyloid pathology based on learning scores were low, ranging between 0.56-0.70 (95% CI ranging from 0.44-0.82). The sensitivity of all the scores ranged between 54.3-88.6, with some learning metrics demonstrating good sensitivity. Regarding APOEε4 prediction, all AUC values ranged between 0.60-0.69, with all sensitivity measures ranging between 53.8-89.7. There were minimal differences in the AUC values across learning slope metrics, largely due to the lack of ceiling effects in this sample.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that some ANB memory subtests and learning slope metrics can discriminate those that are normal from those with amyloid pathology and those with and without APOEε4, consistent with findings reported in Western populations.

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Nested case control study of prevalence and aetiology of dementia in a rural Ugandan population, and a situational analysis of services available for affected families: a protocol. Part of the DEPEND Uganda study (Dementia EPidemiology, unmet Need and co-Developing Solutions)

Prynn,

Alinaitwe,

Kimono

et al. 2024

Wellcome Open Res

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Background The prevalence of dementia in low- and middle-income countries is increasing, yet epidemiological data from African populations remain scarce. Crucial risk factors differ in Africa from more intensively studied global areas, including a high burden of cerebrovascular disease and HIV, but lower rates of other risk factors like physical inactivity. Understanding dementia aetiology in African settings has been limited by the expensive and invasive nature of biomarker testing. This study leverages developments in blood-based and retinal imaging biomarker technology to examine the drivers of dementia in older Ugandans. People with dementia have complex needs benefiting from multi-dimensional support. Understanding current services will allow identification of barriers and opportunities to strengthen support available to people with dementia and their families. Methods The study is nested within the existing General Population Cohort run by the MRC/UVRI & LSHTM Research Unit. Currently, all adults aged 60+ (around 1400) are undergoing brief cognitive screening. In Part 1, cohort participants will be selected based on cognitive screening scores to undergo detailed cognitive assessment, using methods developed by the 10/66 Dementia Research Group. Part 2 is a case control study of people with and without dementia using antecedent data, questionnaires, physical assessment, retinal imaging, and Alzheimer’s blood-based biomarkers. We will also compare disability, frailty, quality of life, and social engagement in people with and without dementia. Part 3 assesses current provision of formal support for people with dementia through review of publicly available literature and expert interviews. Conclusions This is the first study in Africa using blood-based and retinal imaging biomarkers to examine the pathological processes underlying dementia, and it will systematically map services available for people with dementia. This paves the way for effective policy strategies for both dementia prevention and support for people with dementia and their families.

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Prevalence of suspected dementia in a sample of adults living in Kinshasa‐Democratic Republic of the Congo

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Sensitivity of the African neuropsychology battery memory subtests and learning slopes in discriminating APOE 4 and amyloid pathology in adult individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Sensitivity of the African neuropsychology battery memory subtests and learning slopes in discriminating APOE 4 and amyloid pathology in adult individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Sensitivity of the African Neuropsychology Battery Memory Subtests and Learning Slopes in Discriminating APOE 4 and Amyloid Pathology in Adult Individuals in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Nested case control study of prevalence and aetiology of dementia in a rural Ugandan population, and a situational analysis of services available for affected families: a protocol. Part of the DEPEND Uganda study (Dementia EPidemiology, unmet Need and co-Developing Solutions)

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