Prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide in the general population of Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bifftu, Berhanu Boru; Tiruneh, Bewket Tadesse; Dachew, Berihun Assefa; Guracho, Yonas Deressa

doi:10.1186/s13033-021-00449-z

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…31 The prevalence of attempted suicide in our study was lower than findings from studies in Europe, with an average rate of 10.5%, 10 and Sri Lanka, at 11.9%. 11 But the present finding is higher than that seen in studies conducted in the general population of Ethiopia (4% for 12month and 4%, for lifetime prevalence), 12 in the European general population (0.57% for 12-month and 2.88% for lifetime prevalence), 32,33 and in China (0.2% for 12-month and 0.8% for lifetime prevalnce), 34 as well as being higher than the lifetime pooled prevalence across 17 countries (2.7%). 35 The possible difference from the previous studies may be due to social and financial problems, and that the United Nations (UN) and aid organizations do not pay attention to the emotional and mental health of refugees because their focus is typically on food, shelter, and physical diseases.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…7 The prevalence of attempted suicide among refugees has been variably reported from Germany (7.6% 8 and 8.0% 9 ), Europe (10.5%), 10 Sri Lanka (11.9%), 11 and Ethiopia (4% for 12-month and 4% for lifetime prevalence). 12 According to different kinds of literature, factors that are associated with suicide attempts among refugees include current symptoms of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), family history of mental illness, and hopelessness. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Suicide is one of the priority conditions in the WHO Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP), launched in 2008, which provides evidence-based technical guidance for countries to scale up service provision and care for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide Attempts Among Adult Eritrean Refugees in Tigray, Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Gebremeskel¹,

Berhe²,

Berhe³

2022

RMHP

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Purpose: The present study assessed the prevalence of and factors associated with suicide attempts among adult Eritrean refugees in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among adult refugees from February 2020 to April 2020. The exposure variables included socio-demographic, clinically related, and psychosocial characteristics, and substance use-related factors. We included 400 participants and recruited them via a systematic random sampling technique. The study participants were between 18 and 60 years old. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. We applied bivariable and multivariable logistic regression to determine predictors for suicide attempts. Multicollinearity was checked to test correlations among predictor variables, and the Hosmer and Lemeshow test (p>0.2) was conducted to check the fitness of the model. Odds ratios and p-values were determined to check the associations between variables, and a p-value <0.05 was considered as a cut-off for statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of suicide attempts was 7.3% (95% CI: 4.8%, 9.8%). Having current symptoms of trauma (AOR=5.6, 95% CI: 2.1, 14.9), a family history of mental disorder (AOR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.01, 9.07), a history of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (AOR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.01, 7.4), and severe hopelessness (AOR=3.9, 95% CI: 1.3, 12.7) were significantly associated with suicide attempts. Conclusion:This study showed that during the stay in the refugee camp, there was a high prevalence of suicide attempts compared to the prevalence of suicide attempts among the general populations of Ethiopia, Europe, and China, and the lifetime pooled prevalence across 17 countries. Current symptoms of trauma, PTSD, a family history of mental illness, and hopelessness were the factors statistically associated with the suicide attempt. Early screening, detection, and management of suicidal behavior, as well as appropriate mental healthcare, are warranted in refugee camps to reduce the number of suicide attempts.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide Attempts Among Adult Eritrean Refugees in Tigray, Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Gebremeskel¹,

Berhe²,

Berhe³

2022

RMHP

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“…However, the finding was higher than the study conducted in the United Kingdom 2% [ 39 ], Tanzania 0.8% [ 40 ], and the community-based study conducted in Ethiopia among general population 4% [ 41 ]. The possible reason for this variation might be the difference in the study design in which a large study (follow-up) was used in the study conducted in United Kingdom [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior among pregnant mothers in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

2022

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Background Suicidal behavior among pregnant mothers is one of the most common psychiatric emergencies that require a major public health concern by researchers and mental health task forces. Pregnant mothers experience suicidal attempt, which is a fatal problem to end life. Therefore, there was a need to assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior among pregnant mothers to integrate mental health care, particularly suicide, with maternal management. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 504 pregnant mothers in the Gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia. Suicidal behavior was assessed using revised suicidal behavior questionnaire (SBQ-R) with a total score of 3-18; those scoring ≥7 were considered as having Suicidal behavior. Data were entered into Epi-data 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated factors of suicidal behavior. Variables with a P-value less than 0.05 with 95% CI were considered statistically significant. Results In this study, the overall prevalence of suicidal behavior among pregnant mothers was 47(9.3%) with 95% CI (7.1- 11.9). Regarding the factors; being unmarried [AOR = 5.69, 95% CI, (1.19, 27.23)], gestation age greater than 27 weeks, [AOR = 4.92, 95% CI (1.67, 14.53)], history of having chronic medical illness [AOR = 4.47, 95% CI (1.35, 14.85)], depression [AOR = 4.20, 95% CI (1.90, 9.28], and intimate partner violence [AOR = 7.60, 95% CI (3.27, 17.67)] were significantly associated with suicidal behavior at P value less than 0.05 and corresponding 95% CI. Conclusion Pregnant mothers in the community had a high prevalence of suicidal behavior compared to studies conducted among general populations. It is better to include and implement the assessment of suicidal risk factors as a primary treatment package for pregnant mothers, training of health extension workers and other primary health workers on how to assess the risk of suicide among pregnant mothers is warranted.

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“…This study also provides an excellent prospect to bridge the gap between research and field programs and/or policy. These all recommend the need to reinforce the awareness about SBs and evaluate the efficiency of the national health approach in addressing the issues of suicide and SBs [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of community-based suicide prevention program in primary health care of Iran

Azizi

Fakhari

Farahbakhsh

et al. 2021

Int J Ment Health Syst

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Background Suicidal management and prevention in communities, especially in its first stages, is an effective intervention for the health systems. However, in numerous societies most cases go undetected. Primary Health Care (PHC) is an effective place for the management of Suicide Prevention Programs (SPP). In Malekan County, a health community assessment found suicide as the most important health problem. A regional SPP was performed for suicide prevention during 2014–2017. Methods This study was carried out in six steps: (1) Establishing a research team, (2) Improving a registry for suicidal behaviors (SBs), (3) Identifying local determinants of SBs, (4) Training healthcare providers, (5) Follow-up and monitoring of SBs, and (6) Public awareness campaigns. Our ultimate goal was to lower the rates of suicide, and suicide attempt (SA) by 15 and 20 %, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios and the 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 821 SAs and 32 suicides were identified. The gender distribution for suicides was 70% males whereas SAs were 64% among females. The majority of suicides occurred in spring 18 (56.25%) while summer was the most common season among SAs 288 (35.8%). Almost 62 and 75% of suicides and SAs have used hanging and poisoning methods, respectively. Hanging increased suicide risk significantly (OR: 8.5, 95% CI 2.9–76.99). During the study, 93 life-skill and parenting education sessions were held. The incidence rates of suicide and SA decreased from 11.22, and 203 per 100,000 in 2013 to 2.63, and 157 in 2017, respectively. Similarly, the re-attempt to SAs ratio decreased from 12% to 2013 to 6.7% in 2017. Moreover, more than 8% of SBs were collected from adjacent Counties. Conclusions At the study end, suicide, SA, and re-attempt were lowered by 75%, 22%, and 42%, respectively. The practical framework that achieved in this study could be used as a basis for developing future SPPs and suicide researches in the Iranian context. Furthermore, the various socio-economic and socio-cultural challenges highlight the need to consider a wide range of contextual factors when developing an SPP.

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Prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempted suicide in the general population of Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 30 publications

References 52 publications

Suicide Attempts Among Adult Eritrean Refugees in Tigray, Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Suicide Attempts Among Adult Eritrean Refugees in Tigray, Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behavior among pregnant mothers in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Outcomes of community-based suicide prevention program in primary health care of Iran

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