Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and associated risk factors at cow and herd level in dairy farms in North-West Ethiopia

Mekonnen, Sefinew Alemu; Koop, Gerrit; Melkie, Solomon Tibebu; Getahun, C.D.; Hogeveen, H.; Lam, T.J.G.M.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.06.009

Cited by 54 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, milk samples from 12.5% of dairy cows yielded S. aureus. Similarly, previous studies in Ethiopia also reported an S. aureus prevalence of 9 to 27.9% [24,[27][28][29]. Other studies in Western Zambia [30], Zimbabwe [31] and Northern Italy [32] have reported an S. aureus isolation rate of 22, 16.3, and 9.1%, respectively from cows' milk.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Burden and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus in dairy farms in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent colonizer of human and several animal species, including dairy cows. It is the most common cause of intramammary infections in dairy cows. Its public health importance increases inline to the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains; such as Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Indeed, the recent emergence of human and veterinary adapted MRSA demands serious attention. The aim of this study was to determine the burden and drug resistance pattern of S. aureus in dairy farms in Mekelle and determine the molecular characteristics of MRSA. Results: This study was done on 385 lactating dairy cows and 71 dairy farmers. The ages of the cows and farmworkers were between 3 and 14 and 17-63 years respectively. S. aureus was isolated from 12.5% of cows and 31% of farmworkers. Highest resistance was observed for penicillin (> 90%) followed by tetracycline (32-35%) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (10-27%). But no resistance was observed for vancomycin, daptomycin, and rifampin. Only one isolate was MRSA both phenotypically and harboring mecA. This isolate was from nasal of a farmworker and was MRSA SCCmec Iva, spa type t064 of CC8. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 6.2% of cow isolates and 13.6% of nasal isolates. Conclusions: In this study, S. aureus infected 12.5% of dairy cows and colonized 31% of farmworkers. Except for penicillin, resistance to other drugs was rare. Although no MRSA was found from dairy cows the existence of the human and animal adapted and globally spread strain, MRSA SCCmec IVa spa t064, warrants for a coordinated action to tackle AMR in both human and veterinary in the country.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Burden and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus in dairy farms in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

et al. 2020

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“…The overall prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis found was 71.1% in cattle similar to earlier reported by Mekonnen et al (2017) in Ethiopia. The prevalence estimated here is much higher reported in other studies previously from Pakistan (Akhtar and Tanweer, 2016;(Aqib et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Cattle of Pothohar Region, Pakistan

Khan¹

2019

PVJ

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Sub-clinical mastitis has remained the leading cause for decline in production of dairy animals as a silent epidemic all the times in Pakistan. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence and potential risk factors for sub-clinical mastitis in the Pothohar region of Pakistan in 2018. Total of 104 cattle milk samples were collected from commercial and subsistent dairy farms. CMT positive samples were cultured and biochemical tests were conducted before confirmed on PCR for mecA gene Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. In-vitro antibiotic susceptibility was also assessed. An overall prevalence of 71.1% was found; where cross-bred was found more susceptible (80.7%) as compared to other breeds. MecA gene-MRSA prevalence based on PCR was 54%. On regression analysis the potential risk factors identified here included; daily milk yield, parity, udder shape, teat morphology, shed type, quarantine of new animals and deworming of animals (OR>1; P-value<0.05). In MRSA confirmed isolates, Penicillin group was found highly resistant (92.5%) amongst all the groups. While amongst individual antibiotics Amoxicillin was found highly (100%) resistant followed by Cefixime and Spectinomycin. Whereas based on sensitivity Quinolone (Moxifloxacin 95%) group was the most sensitive (91.7%) followed by Sulphonamides (Sulphaphenazole 87.5%) and Amino-glycoside (Gentamycin 90%). An emerging pattern of mecA gene MRSA was recorded here with alarming subclinical mastitis prevalence in the study area. Immediate preventive measures need to be taken to address the problem. The findings of the current study will assess in control and prevention of subclinical mastitis in Pakistan. A, 2019. Epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in cattle of Pothohar Region, Pakistan. Pak Vet J, 39(3): 438-442. http://dx.

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“…In Ethiopia, mastitis is one of the most frequent [ 10 ] diseases of dairy cows reported with high prevalence [ 11 – 13 ]. Recently, we showed that a higher Holstein-Friesian blood level is associated with more mastitis [ 14 ]. This is important given the growing numbers of urban and peri-urban dairy farmers that use such cross-breeds, aiming for higher milk yields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Associated with loss in milk yield due to subclinical mastitis alone, Mungube et al [ 18 ] reported a financial loss of US$38 and Tesfaye et al [ 19 ] of US$79 per cow per lactation. Several other diseases such as internal parasites, lumpy skin disease, heartwater, blackleg, hypocalcaemia and trypanosomosis are also prevalent in Ethiopia, but their importance largely differs between regions and with cattle breeds [ 14 , 20 – 23 ]. In the Holstein-Friesian and Zebu cross-breed cows in the urban and peri-urban dairy farms in the North-West of Ethiopia, mastitis likely is one of the most important diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The intention of North-Western Ethiopian dairy farmers to control mastitis

et al. 2017

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Understanding the intentions of dairy farmers towards mastitis control is important to design effective udder health control programs. We used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explore the intentions of North-Western Ethiopian dairy farmers towards implementing non-specified mastitis control measures (nsMCMs) and towards implementing 4 specific MCMs. Face to face interviews were held with 134 dairy farmers to study associations between their intentions and any of three factors (attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control) that, according to the TPB, determine intentions. The majority of the farmers (93%) had a positive intention to implement nsMCMs, whereas a smaller majority of farmers had the intention to implement the specific MCMs to improve udder cleaning (87%), to improve stall hygiene (78%), to improve feeding of cows (76%), and to perform foremilk stripping (74%). Farmers had a more positive attitude, but lower subjective norm and lower perceived behavioural control towards implementing nsMCMs compared with implementing most specific MCMs, although the subjective norms for stall hygiene and perceived behavioural control for improving feeding of cows were also low. Attitude was positively associated with intentions to implement nsMCMs, to improve cleaning of the udders, to improve stall hygiene and to implement foremilk stripping. Both the intention to improve udder cleaning and to implement foremilk stripping, were positively associated to subjective norms towards these MCMs. Our data can help tailor intervention programs aiming to increase the intention of Ethiopian dairy farmers to implement MCMs and thus to improve udder health in this country. We show that such programs should primarily focus on changing attitude and secondarily on improving the farmers’ subjective norms.

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Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and associated risk factors at cow and herd level in dairy farms in North-West Ethiopia

Cited by 54 publications

References 31 publications

Burden and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus in dairy farms in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

Burden and antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus in dairy farms in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Cattle of Pothohar Region, Pakistan

The intention of North-Western Ethiopian dairy farmers to control mastitis

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