Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in conjunctival flora and association with nasopharyngeal carriage among children in a Vietnamese community

Mohamed, Yasser Helmy; Toizumi, Michiko; Uematsu, Masafumi; Nguyen, Hien-Anh Thi; Le, Lien Thuy; Takegata, Mizuki; Iwasaki, Chihiro; Kitamura, Noriko; Nation, Monica Larissa; Dunne, Eileen M.; Hinds, Jason; Thai, Hung; Vien, Mai Quang; Satzke, Catherine; Mulholland, Kim; Dang, Duc-Anh; Kitaoka, Takashi; Yoshida, Lay-Myint

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79175-4

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Among these, the most common serotype was 6A/B, followed by serotypes 14, 19F, and 19A, all of which are covered in PCV10 (83.3%) and PCV13 (100%). These findings are consistent with those found in a previous study in India, where serotypes 6A, 6B, 14, and 19F were identified as the primary serotypes of pneumococcal meningitis [ 23 , 24 ]. Moreover, the introduction of PCV into EPI in several countries has resulted in a reduction in morbidity and mortality [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Southern Vietnam: Trends and Vaccination Implications From 2012 to 2021

Truong

Phan

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background This retrospective hospital-based surveillance aimed to assess the epidemiology, causative pathogens trend, and serotypes distribution of pneumococcal meningitis among children aged under five years with bacterial meningitis in southern Vietnam after the introduction of pentavalent vaccine in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Methods From 2012 to 2021, cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from children aged under five years with suspected bacterial meningitis at Children's Hospitals 1 and 2 in Ho Chi Minh City. Probable bacterial meningitis (PBM) cases were identified using biochemistry and cytology. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to confirm cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis (CBM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Neisseria meningitidis. S. pneumoniae serotyping was performed. Results Of the 2,560 PBM cases, 158 (6.2%) were laboratory-confirmed. The CBM proportion decreased during the 10-year study and was associated with age, seasonality, and permanent residence. S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen causing bacterial meningitis (86.1%), followed by H. influenzae (7.6%) and N. meningitidis (6.3%). The case fatality rate was 8.2% (95% confidence interval: 4.2%-12.2%). Pneumococcal serotypes 6A/B, 19F, 14, and 23F were the most prevalent, and the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis cases caused by the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) serotypes decreased from 96.2% to 57.1% during the PCV eras. Conclusions S. pneumoniae is the most frequent causative agent of bacterial meningitis in children aged under five years in southern Vietnam over the last decade. Policymakers may need to consider introducing PCVs into the EPI to effectively prevent and control bacterial meningitis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Southern Vietnam: Trends and Vaccination Implications From 2012 to 2021

Truong

Phan

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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“…Although households in Porto Velho had poorer hygienic conditions compared to Sao Paulo, analyses were not adjusted. A second study included 413 children from outpatient clinics in Ethiopia [ 24 ], and a third enrolled 698 children using community registration records from six communes in central Vietnam [ 25 ]. In adjusted analyses, relative to the comparison group, childcare attendance was associated with significantly higher prevalence of Streptococcus pneumonia in the nasopharyngeal carriage [ 24 ] and in the conjunctival flora [ 25 ], respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childcare centre attendance and health, growth, and development among children aged 0–3 years in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Behbehani,

Kowalski,

Selam

et al. 2024

J Glob Health

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Background Lack of childcare for children aged 0–3 years has emerged as a global crisis, accentuated by women’s increasing workforce participation and recognition that young children require nurturing care. Through this systematic review, we sought to examine associations between childcare centre attendance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and children’s health, growth, and development, and to generate childcare centre programmatic and research recommendations for children aged 0–3 years. Methods We systematically searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane for articles on centre-based childcare for children aged 0–3 years in LMICs, published between 2000 and 2021 in English (or which were translated into English). We excluded articles on specialised subgroups or interventions. We imported the retrieved articles into Covidence for review and assessed them for bias using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool. Results Twenty-two articles (24 studies) met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 36 927 children from 10 countries across Mexico and South America (n = 12), Africa (n = 5), and Asia (n = 5). Outcomes included health (n = 12), growth/nutrition (n = 6), and development (n = 6). Study quality assessments were low; 41% exceeded 50% of quality criteria and 45% adjusted for confounders. Associations between childcare attendance and outcome measures were primarily negative for health (n/N = 7/12) and positive for growth/nutrition (n/N = 5/6) and development (n/N = 4/6). Childcare centre programmatic recommendations for children aged 0–3 years included: age-specific policies; program quality, including safety, hygiene, nutrition, and curriculum; access and affordability; parent engagement; financial support; and workforce development. Research recommendations included: study design, including enrolment age, frequency, duration, childcare type, home and childcare sociodemographic and cultural environments, child and caregiver outcomes, and analytical approaches; longitudinal studies; and implementation research. Conclusions Rigorous primary research in global childcare for young children is urgently needed. Policies, programmes, and investments in high-quality childcare can promote nurturing care for young children, enabling mothers to participate in the workforce. Registration PROSPERO: CRD42018105576.

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“…This is noteworthy since eye swabs are not typically considered a primary source for isolating this organism. Previous research by Mohamed et al reported the increased involvement of S. pneumoniae in children younger than 24 months [ 20 ]. The present study had isolates from both adults and children; therefore, it is difficult to determine the group from which these positive isolates originated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Penicillin Resistance Among Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in a General Hospital in Southwest Saudi Arabia: A Five-Year Retrospective Study

Halwani

2024

Cureus

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Background The rise in infections caused by penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae has become a global concern. However, the magnitude of this problem in Southwest Saudi Arabia has never been investigated. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of this bacteria in the region using in vitro data. Materials and methods This study retrospectively studied pneumococcal isolates collected by the Microbiology Laboratory of a general hospital in Al Baha, Saudi Arabia, from January 2013 to December 2017. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥ 8 mg/L was used as a cutoff concentration to detect the resistant isolates. Results A total of 201 S. pneumoniae isolates were identified using the VITEK® 2 system (bioMérieux SA, Marcy-l'Étoile, France). Most of these isolates (61%) were obtained from respiratory specimens, including sputum, tracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage. Eye swabs accounted for 15% of the isolates, blood samples contributed 12%, ear swabs accounted for 7%, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 3.4%. The resistance of S. pneumoniae during the five years varied from 61% to 76%, with an overall resistance of 70% (141/201). The resistance rate per year was 71% (43/60) in 2013, 76% (35/46) in 2014, 61% (22/36) in 2015, 68% (20/29) in 2016, and 66% (21/30) in 2017. Conclusion The data confirm the presence of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae in Southwest Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the high resistance suggests a potential concern, emphasizing the need for penicillin control, surveillance, and vaccination to address this growing problem.

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Prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae in conjunctival flora and association with nasopharyngeal carriage among children in a Vietnamese community

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Southern Vietnam: Trends and Vaccination Implications From 2012 to 2021

Childhood Bacterial Meningitis Surveillance in Southern Vietnam: Trends and Vaccination Implications From 2012 to 2021

Childcare centre attendance and health, growth, and development among children aged 0–3 years in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review

Prevalence of Penicillin Resistance Among Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates in a General Hospital in Southwest Saudi Arabia: A Five-Year Retrospective Study

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