Prevalence of Specific Language Impairment in Kindergarten Children

Tomblin, J. Bruce; Records, Nancy L.; Buckwalter, Paula; Zhang, Xuyang; Smith, Elaine; O’Brien, Marlea

doi:10.1044/jslhr.4006.1245

Cited by 1,797 publications

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“…first degree for parents and siblings and second degree for half-siblings and grandparents). Males are known to be at greater risk for these disorders than females Tomblin et al, 1997); hence, gender was also included in the models. The final models took the form:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of early speech sound disorders: A factor analytic study

Lewis

Freebairn

Hansen

et al. 2006

Journal of Communication Disorders

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The goal of this study was to classify children with speech sound disorders (SSD) empirically, using factor analytic techniques. Participants were 3-7-year olds enrolled in speech/language therapy (N = 185). Factor analysis of an extensive battery of speech and language measures provided support for two distinct factors, representing the skill dimensions of articulation/phonology and semantic/ syntactic skills. To validate these factors, 38 of the children were followed to school age to re-evaluate speech and language skills and assess reading/spelling achievement. The validity of the two factors was supported by their differential associations with school-age reading and spelling achievement, persistence of SSD, and affection status in family members. A closer relationship of the family member to the proband and male gender predicted higher odds of a disorder. The findings suggest that articulation/phonology and language abilities are at least partially independent in children with SSD and that these constructs have distinct clinical and biological correlates. Learning outcomes: The reader will develop knowledge about subtypes of speech sound disorders, understand the relationship between early speech sound disorders and later reading and spelling difficulties, and obtain information concerning familial transmission of speech sound disorders. #

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of early speech sound disorders: A factor analytic study

Lewis

Freebairn

Hansen

et al. 2006

Journal of Communication Disorders

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“…The criteria for language impairment, consistent with Tomblin et al (1997), included a scaled score of less than 8 on two or more subtests of the Test of Language Development-Primary (TOLD-P:2; Newcomer & Hammill, 1988). As shown in Table 1, the three groups (CAS, S, and SL) did not differ significantly in age, gender, or distribution of socioeconomic status as rated on the Hollingshead Four Factor Index of Social Class (Hollingshead, 1975).…”

Section: Probands With Speech-sound Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family pedigrees of children with suspected childhood apraxia of speech

Lewis

Freebairn

Hansen

et al. 2004

Journal of Communication Disorders

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Forty-two children (29 boys and 13 girls), ages 3-10 years, were referred from the caseloads of clinical speech-language pathologists for suspected childhood apraxia of speech (CAS). According to results from tests of speech and oral motor skills, 22 children met criteria for CAS, including a severely limited consonant and vowel repertoire, difficulty sequencing syllables, and inconsistent and unusual errors. Family pedigrees for these children were constructed through parent interviews and direct testing of nuclear family members. Familial aggregation for speech-sound and language disorders was demonstrated with 86% reporting at least one nuclear family member affected. Based on parent report, 13 of the 22 children (59%) had at least one affected parent. However, CAS was evident in only two siblings of probands with CAS and two probands with other speech-sound disorders. Based on testing, overall affection rates of speech-sound/language disorders were higher in families of children with CAS than in families of children with other speech-sound disorders.Mothers of children with CAS demonstrated a higher affection rate than mothers of children with other speech-sound disorders. A sex-related threshold model of transmission was also supported with brothers more often affected than sisters for male probands only. If our inclusionary criteria for CAS are valid, these findings support a general verbal trait deficit hypothesis. Learning outcomes: (1) As a result of this activity, the participant will understand potential familial risk factors for CAS; (2) will differentiate aggregation for speech-sound and language disorders in families with CAS from families of children who have other speech-sound disorders; (3) will

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“…Studies of such disorders not only have clinical and educational relevance, but can also help answer fundamental questions about the genetic architecture underpinning human speech and language. In the following sections we discuss a range of neurodevelopmental disorders in which speech-or language-related deficits are a core feature (Law et al 2000;Tomblin et al 1997). Sometimes persists into school-age and beyond.…”

Section: Developmental Communication Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Genetic Foundations of Human Communication

2015

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The human capacity to acquire sophisticated language is unmatched in the animal kingdom. Despite the discontinuity in communicative abilities between humans and other primates, language is built on ancient genetic foundations, which are being illuminated by comparative genomics. The genetic architecture of the language faculty is also being uncovered by research into neurodevelopmental disorders that disrupt the normally effortless process of language acquisition. In this article, we discuss the strategies that researchers are using to reveal genetic factors contributing to communicative abilities, and review progress in identifying the relevant genes and genetic variants. The first gene directly implicated in a speech and language disorder was FOXP2. Using this gene as a case study, we illustrate how evidence from genetics, molecular cell biology, animal models and human neuroimaging has converged to build a picture of the role of FOXP2 in neurodevelopment, providing a framework for future endeavors to bridge the gaps between genes, brains and behavior.

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Prevalence of Specific Language Impairment in Kindergarten Children

Cited by 1,797 publications

References 30 publications

Dimensions of early speech sound disorders: A factor analytic study

Dimensions of early speech sound disorders: A factor analytic study

Family pedigrees of children with suspected childhood apraxia of speech

Insights into the Genetic Foundations of Human Communication

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